Differentiating airway inflammation in calves based on cluster analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology
Abstract Background Nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (nBAL) is routinely performed in calves, and airway cytology has great potential in airway disease diagnostics. A good reference framework for nBAL cytology is lacking. Objectives To distinguish different cytological profiles in nBAL from g...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16855 |
| _version_ | 1797248075708760064 |
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| author | Justine Clinquart Katharina vanLeenen Jade Bokma Bart Pardon |
| author_facet | Justine Clinquart Katharina vanLeenen Jade Bokma Bart Pardon |
| author_sort | Justine Clinquart |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (nBAL) is routinely performed in calves, and airway cytology has great potential in airway disease diagnostics. A good reference framework for nBAL cytology is lacking. Objectives To distinguish different cytological profiles in nBAL from grouped housed calves using cluster analysis, and characterize these profiles on individual and herd levels. Animals Three hundred thirty‐eight group‐housed calves from 60 herds (mainly dairy and beef ). Methods Cross‐sectional study. Differential counts of white blood cells were determined on nBAL fluid, followed by differentiation of cytological profiles by K‐means‐based cluster analysis. These profiles were characterized by reference values, decision tree analysis, and associations with clinical, ultrasonographic, bacteriological, and cytological features. Results A normal (55.9%), a neutrophilic (41.1%), and an eosinophilic profile (3.0%) were identified. The normal profile was characterized by reference values of 2.3% to 47.4% neutrophils, 35.1% to 95.1% macrophages, 0.4 to 22.9% lymphocytes, and 0.0% to 0.9% eosinophils. The neutrophilic profile was characterized by ≥44.5% neutrophils, <1.6% eosinophils, and <11.5% lymphocytes. This profile was associated with the isolation of Pasteurella multocida, the presence of neutrophils with toxic granulation, and the presence of phagocytosed bacteria in neutrophils. The eosinophilic profile was characterized by eosinophils ≥1.6% (neutrophilia present) or ≥2.4% (neutrophilia absent), and associated with the presence of mast cells. On herd level, the neutrophilic and eosinophilic profiles were present in 85.0% and 15.0% of the herds, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance This study provides a first step in the development of cytological guidelines, aiding the assessment of airway health and inflammation in calves through nBAL fluid cytology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:20:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a9b39173e8c427f83cf54e2c0cfcc3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0891-6640 1939-1676 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:08:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a9b39173e8c427f83cf54e2c0cfcc3e2024-03-23T17:56:17ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762023-11-013762610262210.1111/jvim.16855Differentiating airway inflammation in calves based on cluster analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytologyJustine Clinquart0Katharina vanLeenen1Jade Bokma2Bart Pardon3Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke BelgiumDepartment of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke BelgiumDepartment of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke BelgiumDepartment of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke BelgiumAbstract Background Nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (nBAL) is routinely performed in calves, and airway cytology has great potential in airway disease diagnostics. A good reference framework for nBAL cytology is lacking. Objectives To distinguish different cytological profiles in nBAL from grouped housed calves using cluster analysis, and characterize these profiles on individual and herd levels. Animals Three hundred thirty‐eight group‐housed calves from 60 herds (mainly dairy and beef ). Methods Cross‐sectional study. Differential counts of white blood cells were determined on nBAL fluid, followed by differentiation of cytological profiles by K‐means‐based cluster analysis. These profiles were characterized by reference values, decision tree analysis, and associations with clinical, ultrasonographic, bacteriological, and cytological features. Results A normal (55.9%), a neutrophilic (41.1%), and an eosinophilic profile (3.0%) were identified. The normal profile was characterized by reference values of 2.3% to 47.4% neutrophils, 35.1% to 95.1% macrophages, 0.4 to 22.9% lymphocytes, and 0.0% to 0.9% eosinophils. The neutrophilic profile was characterized by ≥44.5% neutrophils, <1.6% eosinophils, and <11.5% lymphocytes. This profile was associated with the isolation of Pasteurella multocida, the presence of neutrophils with toxic granulation, and the presence of phagocytosed bacteria in neutrophils. The eosinophilic profile was characterized by eosinophils ≥1.6% (neutrophilia present) or ≥2.4% (neutrophilia absent), and associated with the presence of mast cells. On herd level, the neutrophilic and eosinophilic profiles were present in 85.0% and 15.0% of the herds, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance This study provides a first step in the development of cytological guidelines, aiding the assessment of airway health and inflammation in calves through nBAL fluid cytology.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16855bovine respiratory disease complexcytologynonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavagereference ranges |
| spellingShingle | Justine Clinquart Katharina vanLeenen Jade Bokma Bart Pardon Differentiating airway inflammation in calves based on cluster analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine bovine respiratory disease complex cytology nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage reference ranges |
| title | Differentiating airway inflammation in calves based on cluster analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology |
| title_full | Differentiating airway inflammation in calves based on cluster analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology |
| title_fullStr | Differentiating airway inflammation in calves based on cluster analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differentiating airway inflammation in calves based on cluster analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology |
| title_short | Differentiating airway inflammation in calves based on cluster analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology |
| title_sort | differentiating airway inflammation in calves based on cluster analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology |
| topic | bovine respiratory disease complex cytology nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage reference ranges |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16855 |
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