Exploring Long-Term Anomalies in the Vegetation Cover of Peri-Urban Parks Using the Fisher-Shannon Method
The main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of the Fisher-Shannon statistical method applied to the MODIS satellite time series to search for and explore any small multiyear trends and changes (herein also denoted as inner anomalies) in vegetation cover. For the purpose of our investig...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/12/1784 |
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| author | Luciano Telesca Angelo Aromando Farid Faridani Michele Lovallo Gianfranco Cardettini Nicodemo Abate Giancarlo Papitto Rosa Lasaponara |
| author_facet | Luciano Telesca Angelo Aromando Farid Faridani Michele Lovallo Gianfranco Cardettini Nicodemo Abate Giancarlo Papitto Rosa Lasaponara |
| author_sort | Luciano Telesca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of the Fisher-Shannon statistical method applied to the MODIS satellite time series to search for and explore any small multiyear trends and changes (herein also denoted as inner anomalies) in vegetation cover. For the purpose of our investigation, we focused on the vegetation cover of three peri-urban parks close to Rome and Naples (Italy). For each of these three areas, we analyzed the 2000–2020 time variation of four MODIS-based vegetation indices: evapotranspiration (ET), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), and enhanced vegetation index (EVI). These data sets are available in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) and were selected because they are related to the interactions between soil, water, atmosphere, and plants. To account for the great variability exhibited by the seasonal variations while identifying small multiyear trends and changes, we devised a procedure composed of two steps: (i) application of the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) to each satellite-based time series to detect and remove the annual cycle including the seasonality and then (ii) analysis of the detrended signals using the Fisher-Shannon method, which combines the Shannon entropy and the Fisher Information Measure (FIM). Our results indicate that among all the three pilot test areas, Castel Volturno is characterized by the highest Shannon entropy and the lowest FIM that indicate a low level of order and organization of vegetation time series. This behaviour can be linked to the degradation phenomena induced by the parasite (<i>Toumeyella parvicornis)</i> that has affected dramatically the area in recent years. Our results were nicely confirmed by the comparison with in situ analyzed and independent data sets revealing the existence of subtle, small multiyear trends and changes in MODIS-based vegetation indices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:48:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6a9cff802d03433992c0c0714c063ef4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:48:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-6a9cff802d03433992c0c0714c063ef42023-11-24T14:42:59ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002022-12-012412178410.3390/e24121784Exploring Long-Term Anomalies in the Vegetation Cover of Peri-Urban Parks Using the Fisher-Shannon MethodLuciano Telesca0Angelo Aromando1Farid Faridani2Michele Lovallo3Gianfranco Cardettini4Nicodemo Abate5Giancarlo Papitto6Rosa Lasaponara7Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, 85050 Tito, ItalyInstitute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, 85050 Tito, ItalyDICEM, Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment, and Cultural Heritage, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, ItalyAgenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, ItalyInstitute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, 85050 Tito, ItalyInstitute of Heritage Science (CNR—ISPC), National Research Council, C.da S. Loja, 85050 Tito, ItalyArma dei Carabinieri, Comando Unità Forestali, Ambientali e Agroalimentari, Via. G. Carducci 5, 00187 Roma, ItalyInstitute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, 85050 Tito, ItalyThe main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of the Fisher-Shannon statistical method applied to the MODIS satellite time series to search for and explore any small multiyear trends and changes (herein also denoted as inner anomalies) in vegetation cover. For the purpose of our investigation, we focused on the vegetation cover of three peri-urban parks close to Rome and Naples (Italy). For each of these three areas, we analyzed the 2000–2020 time variation of four MODIS-based vegetation indices: evapotranspiration (ET), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), and enhanced vegetation index (EVI). These data sets are available in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) and were selected because they are related to the interactions between soil, water, atmosphere, and plants. To account for the great variability exhibited by the seasonal variations while identifying small multiyear trends and changes, we devised a procedure composed of two steps: (i) application of the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) to each satellite-based time series to detect and remove the annual cycle including the seasonality and then (ii) analysis of the detrended signals using the Fisher-Shannon method, which combines the Shannon entropy and the Fisher Information Measure (FIM). Our results indicate that among all the three pilot test areas, Castel Volturno is characterized by the highest Shannon entropy and the lowest FIM that indicate a low level of order and organization of vegetation time series. This behaviour can be linked to the degradation phenomena induced by the parasite (<i>Toumeyella parvicornis)</i> that has affected dramatically the area in recent years. Our results were nicely confirmed by the comparison with in situ analyzed and independent data sets revealing the existence of subtle, small multiyear trends and changes in MODIS-based vegetation indices.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/12/1784Fisher-Shannon methodsatellite time seriesvegetation |
| spellingShingle | Luciano Telesca Angelo Aromando Farid Faridani Michele Lovallo Gianfranco Cardettini Nicodemo Abate Giancarlo Papitto Rosa Lasaponara Exploring Long-Term Anomalies in the Vegetation Cover of Peri-Urban Parks Using the Fisher-Shannon Method Entropy Fisher-Shannon method satellite time series vegetation |
| title | Exploring Long-Term Anomalies in the Vegetation Cover of Peri-Urban Parks Using the Fisher-Shannon Method |
| title_full | Exploring Long-Term Anomalies in the Vegetation Cover of Peri-Urban Parks Using the Fisher-Shannon Method |
| title_fullStr | Exploring Long-Term Anomalies in the Vegetation Cover of Peri-Urban Parks Using the Fisher-Shannon Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring Long-Term Anomalies in the Vegetation Cover of Peri-Urban Parks Using the Fisher-Shannon Method |
| title_short | Exploring Long-Term Anomalies in the Vegetation Cover of Peri-Urban Parks Using the Fisher-Shannon Method |
| title_sort | exploring long term anomalies in the vegetation cover of peri urban parks using the fisher shannon method |
| topic | Fisher-Shannon method satellite time series vegetation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/12/1784 |
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