Effects of Reduced and Conventional Tillage on Weed Communities: Results of a Long-Term Experiment in Southwestern Spain
ABSTRACT: An important drawback in adopting minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) techniques is the frequently observed weed shift promoting adapted species and achieving poorer weed control. These changes can be detected best with long-term experiments, and results might differ depending on soil...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas
2019-12-01
|
| Series: | Planta Daninha |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582019000100164&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1818891608013144064 |
|---|---|
| author | G. PARDO A. CIRUJEDA F. PEREA A.M.C. VERDÚ M.T. MAS J.M. URBANO |
| author_facet | G. PARDO A. CIRUJEDA F. PEREA A.M.C. VERDÚ M.T. MAS J.M. URBANO |
| author_sort | G. PARDO |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: An important drawback in adopting minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) techniques is the frequently observed weed shift promoting adapted species and achieving poorer weed control. These changes can be detected best with long-term experiments, and results might differ depending on soil characteristics and the local flora. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effect of reduced tillage on weed seed distribution in the soil profile and to identify possible consequences on weed diversity on a long-term experiment maintained during 24 years in Seville (Spain) with three tillage systems: NT, MT and conventional tillage (CT) including moldboard plow on a vertisol. For this purpose, soil seedbanks at 0-8 cm and 8-16 cm depths were enumerated in autumn 2005 and in-field emerged plants in autumn 2005 and winter 2006. Shannon diversity index (H) and evenness (J’) were calculated for seedbank and aboveground weed communities. Total weed seed density was highest for NT and lowest for CT. Some big-seeded species, such as Chrozophora tinctorea L., showed highest seed density in CT. NT increased the relative density of Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson seeds in the seedbank and the abundance of emerged plants of Malva parviflora L., Anagallis arvensis L. and Picris echioides L. Overall, MT led to a less diverse seedbank in the 0-8 cm depth of soil than CT. The frequent drought-induced deep fractures in the expandable clay soil caused natural tillage, which probably resulted in fewer differences in weed seed and seedling densities among tillage treatments compared to what might be expected in other soil types. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T17:43:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6aa3f5f14a794552a3a41d493d916eb9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0100-8358 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T17:43:30Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Planta Daninha |
| spelling | doaj.art-6aa3f5f14a794552a3a41d493d916eb92022-12-21T20:12:08ZengSociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas DaninhasPlanta Daninha0100-83582019-12-013710.1590/s0100-83582019370100152Effects of Reduced and Conventional Tillage on Weed Communities: Results of a Long-Term Experiment in Southwestern SpainG. PARDOhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5929-8062A. CIRUJEDAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-8422F. PEREAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-8496A.M.C. VERDÚhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3680-9226M.T. MAShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1029-6816J.M. URBANOhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5020-5782ABSTRACT: An important drawback in adopting minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) techniques is the frequently observed weed shift promoting adapted species and achieving poorer weed control. These changes can be detected best with long-term experiments, and results might differ depending on soil characteristics and the local flora. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effect of reduced tillage on weed seed distribution in the soil profile and to identify possible consequences on weed diversity on a long-term experiment maintained during 24 years in Seville (Spain) with three tillage systems: NT, MT and conventional tillage (CT) including moldboard plow on a vertisol. For this purpose, soil seedbanks at 0-8 cm and 8-16 cm depths were enumerated in autumn 2005 and in-field emerged plants in autumn 2005 and winter 2006. Shannon diversity index (H) and evenness (J’) were calculated for seedbank and aboveground weed communities. Total weed seed density was highest for NT and lowest for CT. Some big-seeded species, such as Chrozophora tinctorea L., showed highest seed density in CT. NT increased the relative density of Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson seeds in the seedbank and the abundance of emerged plants of Malva parviflora L., Anagallis arvensis L. and Picris echioides L. Overall, MT led to a less diverse seedbank in the 0-8 cm depth of soil than CT. The frequent drought-induced deep fractures in the expandable clay soil caused natural tillage, which probably resulted in fewer differences in weed seed and seedling densities among tillage treatments compared to what might be expected in other soil types.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582019000100164&tlng=enno-tillageminimum tillagemoldboard plowmechanical weed controlseedbankdiversity indexes |
| spellingShingle | G. PARDO A. CIRUJEDA F. PEREA A.M.C. VERDÚ M.T. MAS J.M. URBANO Effects of Reduced and Conventional Tillage on Weed Communities: Results of a Long-Term Experiment in Southwestern Spain Planta Daninha no-tillage minimum tillage moldboard plow mechanical weed control seedbank diversity indexes |
| title | Effects of Reduced and Conventional Tillage on Weed Communities: Results of a Long-Term Experiment in Southwestern Spain |
| title_full | Effects of Reduced and Conventional Tillage on Weed Communities: Results of a Long-Term Experiment in Southwestern Spain |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Reduced and Conventional Tillage on Weed Communities: Results of a Long-Term Experiment in Southwestern Spain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Reduced and Conventional Tillage on Weed Communities: Results of a Long-Term Experiment in Southwestern Spain |
| title_short | Effects of Reduced and Conventional Tillage on Weed Communities: Results of a Long-Term Experiment in Southwestern Spain |
| title_sort | effects of reduced and conventional tillage on weed communities results of a long term experiment in southwestern spain |
| topic | no-tillage minimum tillage moldboard plow mechanical weed control seedbank diversity indexes |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582019000100164&tlng=en |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gpardo effectsofreducedandconventionaltillageonweedcommunitiesresultsofalongtermexperimentinsouthwesternspain AT acirujeda effectsofreducedandconventionaltillageonweedcommunitiesresultsofalongtermexperimentinsouthwesternspain AT fperea effectsofreducedandconventionaltillageonweedcommunitiesresultsofalongtermexperimentinsouthwesternspain AT amcverdu effectsofreducedandconventionaltillageonweedcommunitiesresultsofalongtermexperimentinsouthwesternspain AT mtmas effectsofreducedandconventionaltillageonweedcommunitiesresultsofalongtermexperimentinsouthwesternspain AT jmurbano effectsofreducedandconventionaltillageonweedcommunitiesresultsofalongtermexperimentinsouthwesternspain |