Effects of ZSM-5 Morphology and Fe Promoter for Dimethyl Ether Conversion to Gasoline-Range Hydrocarbons
The synthesis of gasoline-range hydrocarbons by gas-phase dimethyl ether (DME) conversion was investigated on various ZSM-5 zeolites with different morphologies and Fe contents. The different morphologies of ZSM-5 significantly altered the distributions of the acidic sites, which showed different se...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| author | Mansoor Ali Jong Jin Kim Faisal Zafar Dongming Shen Xu Wang Jong Wook Bae |
| author_facet | Mansoor Ali Jong Jin Kim Faisal Zafar Dongming Shen Xu Wang Jong Wook Bae |
| author_sort | Mansoor Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The synthesis of gasoline-range hydrocarbons by gas-phase dimethyl ether (DME) conversion was investigated on various ZSM-5 zeolites with different morphologies and Fe contents. The different morphologies of ZSM-5 significantly altered the distributions of the acidic sites, which showed different selectivities to gasoline-range hydrocarbons. Nanostructured ZSM-5 (N-ZSM-5) revealed the highest C<sub>5+</sub> selectivity of 41.7% with an aromatics selectivity of 23.6% at ~100% DME conversion. The superior catalytic activity of N-ZSM-5 was attributed to the largest strong Brønsted acidic sites and smaller crystallite sizes, which were beneficial for the faster removal rate of heavy hydrocarbons due to its shorter diffusion pathlength compared to conventional ZSM-5 (C-ZSM-5). In addition, 10 wt% Fe-impregnated N-ZSM-5 revealed an enhanced C<sub>5+</sub> selectivity of 60.6% with a smaller C<sub>1</sub>–C<sub>4</sub> selectivity of 21.9%, which were attributed to the adjusted acidic sites by suppressing the cracking reactions of the surface intermediates, which are responsible for the selective formation of smaller light hydrocarbons. However, the excess amount of Fe on N-ZSM-5 showed a lower DME conversion of 83.5% with a lower C<sub>5+</sub> selectivity of 38.5% due to the blockages of the active acidic sites. Nanostructured N-ZSM-5 possessing a larger amount of strong Brønsted acid sites with 10 wt% Fe modification clearly showed a higher formation rate of gasoline-range hydrocarbons due to an enhanced secondary oligomerization of surface intermediates to form heavier aromatic hydrocarbons. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:51:42Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:51:42Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6aac1b63c42d4871a51a71fdd618acc32023-11-18T00:52:06ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442023-05-0113591010.3390/catal13050910Effects of ZSM-5 Morphology and Fe Promoter for Dimethyl Ether Conversion to Gasoline-Range HydrocarbonsMansoor Ali0Jong Jin Kim1Faisal Zafar2Dongming Shen3Xu Wang4Jong Wook Bae5School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of KoreaThe synthesis of gasoline-range hydrocarbons by gas-phase dimethyl ether (DME) conversion was investigated on various ZSM-5 zeolites with different morphologies and Fe contents. The different morphologies of ZSM-5 significantly altered the distributions of the acidic sites, which showed different selectivities to gasoline-range hydrocarbons. Nanostructured ZSM-5 (N-ZSM-5) revealed the highest C<sub>5+</sub> selectivity of 41.7% with an aromatics selectivity of 23.6% at ~100% DME conversion. The superior catalytic activity of N-ZSM-5 was attributed to the largest strong Brønsted acidic sites and smaller crystallite sizes, which were beneficial for the faster removal rate of heavy hydrocarbons due to its shorter diffusion pathlength compared to conventional ZSM-5 (C-ZSM-5). In addition, 10 wt% Fe-impregnated N-ZSM-5 revealed an enhanced C<sub>5+</sub> selectivity of 60.6% with a smaller C<sub>1</sub>–C<sub>4</sub> selectivity of 21.9%, which were attributed to the adjusted acidic sites by suppressing the cracking reactions of the surface intermediates, which are responsible for the selective formation of smaller light hydrocarbons. However, the excess amount of Fe on N-ZSM-5 showed a lower DME conversion of 83.5% with a lower C<sub>5+</sub> selectivity of 38.5% due to the blockages of the active acidic sites. Nanostructured N-ZSM-5 possessing a larger amount of strong Brønsted acid sites with 10 wt% Fe modification clearly showed a higher formation rate of gasoline-range hydrocarbons due to an enhanced secondary oligomerization of surface intermediates to form heavier aromatic hydrocarbons.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/5/910conversion of dimethyl ether (DME)gasoline-range hydrocarbonsmorphology of ZSM-5Fe-modified ZSM-5surface acidity |
| spellingShingle | Mansoor Ali Jong Jin Kim Faisal Zafar Dongming Shen Xu Wang Jong Wook Bae Effects of ZSM-5 Morphology and Fe Promoter for Dimethyl Ether Conversion to Gasoline-Range Hydrocarbons Catalysts conversion of dimethyl ether (DME) gasoline-range hydrocarbons morphology of ZSM-5 Fe-modified ZSM-5 surface acidity |
| title | Effects of ZSM-5 Morphology and Fe Promoter for Dimethyl Ether Conversion to Gasoline-Range Hydrocarbons |
| title_full | Effects of ZSM-5 Morphology and Fe Promoter for Dimethyl Ether Conversion to Gasoline-Range Hydrocarbons |
| title_fullStr | Effects of ZSM-5 Morphology and Fe Promoter for Dimethyl Ether Conversion to Gasoline-Range Hydrocarbons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of ZSM-5 Morphology and Fe Promoter for Dimethyl Ether Conversion to Gasoline-Range Hydrocarbons |
| title_short | Effects of ZSM-5 Morphology and Fe Promoter for Dimethyl Ether Conversion to Gasoline-Range Hydrocarbons |
| title_sort | effects of zsm 5 morphology and fe promoter for dimethyl ether conversion to gasoline range hydrocarbons |
| topic | conversion of dimethyl ether (DME) gasoline-range hydrocarbons morphology of ZSM-5 Fe-modified ZSM-5 surface acidity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/5/910 |
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