| Summary: | This study presents the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of <i>Litostrophus scaber</i>, which is the first mitogenome of the genus <i>Litostrophus</i>. The mitogenome is a circular molecule with a length of 15,081 bp. The proportion of adenine and thymine (A + T) was 69.25%. The gene ND4L used TGA as the initiation codon, while the other PCGs utilized ATN (A, T, G, C) as the initiation codons. More than half of the PCGs used T as an incomplete termination codon. The transcription direction of the <i>L. scaber</i> mitogenome matched <i>Spirobolus bungii</i>, in contrast to most millipedes. Novel rearrangements were found in the <i>L. scaber</i> mitogenome: trnQ -trnC and trnL1- trnP underwent short-distance translocations and the gene block rrnS-rrnL-ND1 moved to a position between ND4 and ND5, resulting in the formation of a novel gene order. The phylogenetic analysis showed that <i>L. scaber</i> is most closely related to <i>S. bungii</i>, followed by <i>Narceus magnum</i>. These findings enhance our understanding of the rearrangement and evolution of Diplopoda mitogenomes.
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