The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication
Although heterochromatin makes up 40% of the <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> genome, its organization remains little explored, especially in polytene chromosomes, as it is virtually not represented in them due to underreplication. Two all-new approaches were used in this work: (i) with th...
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2021-10-01
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| author | Tatyana Zykova Mariya Maltseva Fedor Goncharov Lidia Boldyreva Galina Pokholkova Tatyana Kolesnikova Igor Zhimulev |
| author_facet | Tatyana Zykova Mariya Maltseva Fedor Goncharov Lidia Boldyreva Galina Pokholkova Tatyana Kolesnikova Igor Zhimulev |
| author_sort | Tatyana Zykova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although heterochromatin makes up 40% of the <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> genome, its organization remains little explored, especially in polytene chromosomes, as it is virtually not represented in them due to underreplication. Two all-new approaches were used in this work: (i) with the use of a newly synthesized <i>Drosophila</i> line that carries three mutations, <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup></i>, <i>SuUR<sup>ES</sup></i> and <i>Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i>, suppressing the underreplication of heterochromatic regions, we obtained their fullest representation in polytene chromosomes and described their structure; (ii) 20 DNA fragments with known positions on the physical map as well as molecular genetic features of the genome (gene density, histone marks, heterochromatin proteins, origin recognition complex proteins, replication timing sites and satellite DNAs) were mapped in the newly polytenized heterochromatin using FISH and bioinformatics data. The borders of the heterochromatic regions and variations in their positions on arm 3L have been determined for the first time. The newly polytenized heterochromatic material exhibits two main types of morphology: a banding pattern (locations of genes and short satellites) and reticular chromatin (locations of large blocks of satellite DNA). The locations of the banding and reticular polytene heterochromatin was determined on the physical map. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:37:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-6abea64cb94e4247933bdaa0b746fe872023-11-22T22:47:01ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-10-011011280910.3390/cells10112809The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing UnderreplicationTatyana Zykova0Mariya Maltseva1Fedor Goncharov2Lidia Boldyreva3Galina Pokholkova4Tatyana Kolesnikova5Igor Zhimulev6Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaLaboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaLaboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaLaboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaLaboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaLaboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaLaboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaAlthough heterochromatin makes up 40% of the <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> genome, its organization remains little explored, especially in polytene chromosomes, as it is virtually not represented in them due to underreplication. Two all-new approaches were used in this work: (i) with the use of a newly synthesized <i>Drosophila</i> line that carries three mutations, <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup></i>, <i>SuUR<sup>ES</sup></i> and <i>Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i>, suppressing the underreplication of heterochromatic regions, we obtained their fullest representation in polytene chromosomes and described their structure; (ii) 20 DNA fragments with known positions on the physical map as well as molecular genetic features of the genome (gene density, histone marks, heterochromatin proteins, origin recognition complex proteins, replication timing sites and satellite DNAs) were mapped in the newly polytenized heterochromatin using FISH and bioinformatics data. The borders of the heterochromatic regions and variations in their positions on arm 3L have been determined for the first time. The newly polytenized heterochromatic material exhibits two main types of morphology: a banding pattern (locations of genes and short satellites) and reticular chromatin (locations of large blocks of satellite DNA). The locations of the banding and reticular polytene heterochromatin was determined on the physical map.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2809polytene chromosomespericentromeric heterochromatinintercalary heterochromatinthe <i>SuUR<sup>ES</sup></i><i>Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i><i>Rif1</i> genes |
| spellingShingle | Tatyana Zykova Mariya Maltseva Fedor Goncharov Lidia Boldyreva Galina Pokholkova Tatyana Kolesnikova Igor Zhimulev The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication Cells polytene chromosomes pericentromeric heterochromatin intercalary heterochromatin the <i>SuUR<sup>ES</sup></i> <i>Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> <i>Rif1</i> genes |
| title | The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication |
| title_full | The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication |
| title_fullStr | The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication |
| title_short | The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication |
| title_sort | organization of pericentromeric heterochromatin in polytene chromosome 3 of the i drosophila i i melanogaster i line with the i rif1 sup 1 sup suur sup es sup su var 3 9 sup 06 sup i mutations suppressing underreplication |
| topic | polytene chromosomes pericentromeric heterochromatin intercalary heterochromatin the <i>SuUR<sup>ES</sup></i> <i>Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> <i>Rif1</i> genes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2809 |
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