Sample size planning and the statistical significance of official controls by sampling
Acceptance sampling is important for food safety and is a relevant tool at production and official control levels, as it helps decision-making processes and verifies quality and food safety management. Generally, sampling plans are hypothesis tests of products that have been submitted for official...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PAGEPress Publications
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Italian Journal of Food Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/ijfs/article/view/11119 |
| _version_ | 1797782824281964544 |
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| author | Cesare Ciccarelli Angela Marisa Semeraro Melina Leinoudi Vittoria Di Trani Anita Ciampana Elena Ciccarelli |
| author_facet | Cesare Ciccarelli Angela Marisa Semeraro Melina Leinoudi Vittoria Di Trani Anita Ciampana Elena Ciccarelli |
| author_sort | Cesare Ciccarelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Acceptance sampling is important for food safety and is a relevant tool at production and official control levels, as it helps decision-making processes and verifies quality and food safety management. Generally, sampling plans are hypothesis tests of products that have been submitted for official appraisal and subsequent acceptance or rejection. The sample size is related to the set level of risk, the acceptable precision, and the tolerable misstatement size; therefore, sample size determination has a crucial role in setting up the accepted level of non-compliance and level of error. Using a simple predictive model based on combinatorics, this study showcases how sample size management can change the probability of rejecting good lots and/or accepting bad lots when the acceptance number is 0 (c=0). We showed that when c=0, a very high level of significance of the test corresponds to the high probability of rejecting a lot with an acceptable prevalence of defective items (type II error). We produced tables about the minimum sample size at different significance levels, which can be useful in the field. A paradigmatic example of the role of sample size in the acceptance-sampling plan is represented by the visual inspection for detection of Anisakid larvae in fishery products: this study investigated this aspect and mainly referred to studies on the prevalence of larvae in farmed fish. We showed that, for lots ≥1000 items, the sample size is not strictly related to the lot size, but to draw a consistent control plan and reduce the variability in the clinical judgment, control authorities require a standardized approach. Because of this, the results on the prevalence of Anisakid larvae in farmed fish, if only based on sampling control plans, do not support a negligible risk statement, despite the claims reported in the EFSA opinion and other several studies.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:17:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ac5c87f483c4053a293f60c2f148025 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2239-7132 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:17:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | PAGEPress Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Italian Journal of Food Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ac5c87f483c4053a293f60c2f1480252023-07-11T22:52:14ZengPAGEPress PublicationsItalian Journal of Food Safety2239-71322023-07-0110.4081/ijfs.2023.11119Sample size planning and the statistical significance of official controls by samplingCesare Ciccarelli0Angela Marisa Semeraro1Melina Leinoudi2Vittoria Di Trani3Anita Ciampana4Elena Ciccarelli5Local Public Health Service - Ascoli Piceno, San Benedetto del TrontoLocal Public Health Service - Ascoli Piceno, San Benedetto del TrontoChemistLocal Public Health Service - Ascoli Piceno, San Benedetto del TrontoVeterinarianBiologist Acceptance sampling is important for food safety and is a relevant tool at production and official control levels, as it helps decision-making processes and verifies quality and food safety management. Generally, sampling plans are hypothesis tests of products that have been submitted for official appraisal and subsequent acceptance or rejection. The sample size is related to the set level of risk, the acceptable precision, and the tolerable misstatement size; therefore, sample size determination has a crucial role in setting up the accepted level of non-compliance and level of error. Using a simple predictive model based on combinatorics, this study showcases how sample size management can change the probability of rejecting good lots and/or accepting bad lots when the acceptance number is 0 (c=0). We showed that when c=0, a very high level of significance of the test corresponds to the high probability of rejecting a lot with an acceptable prevalence of defective items (type II error). We produced tables about the minimum sample size at different significance levels, which can be useful in the field. A paradigmatic example of the role of sample size in the acceptance-sampling plan is represented by the visual inspection for detection of Anisakid larvae in fishery products: this study investigated this aspect and mainly referred to studies on the prevalence of larvae in farmed fish. We showed that, for lots ≥1000 items, the sample size is not strictly related to the lot size, but to draw a consistent control plan and reduce the variability in the clinical judgment, control authorities require a standardized approach. Because of this, the results on the prevalence of Anisakid larvae in farmed fish, if only based on sampling control plans, do not support a negligible risk statement, despite the claims reported in the EFSA opinion and other several studies. https://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/ijfs/article/view/11119Sample sizeacceptance samplingpredictive modelAnisakid larvaefarmed fish |
| spellingShingle | Cesare Ciccarelli Angela Marisa Semeraro Melina Leinoudi Vittoria Di Trani Anita Ciampana Elena Ciccarelli Sample size planning and the statistical significance of official controls by sampling Italian Journal of Food Safety Sample size acceptance sampling predictive model Anisakid larvae farmed fish |
| title | Sample size planning and the statistical significance of official controls by sampling |
| title_full | Sample size planning and the statistical significance of official controls by sampling |
| title_fullStr | Sample size planning and the statistical significance of official controls by sampling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sample size planning and the statistical significance of official controls by sampling |
| title_short | Sample size planning and the statistical significance of official controls by sampling |
| title_sort | sample size planning and the statistical significance of official controls by sampling |
| topic | Sample size acceptance sampling predictive model Anisakid larvae farmed fish |
| url | https://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/ijfs/article/view/11119 |
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