In vitro induction of human embryonal carcinoma differentiation by a crude extract of Rhazya stricta
Abstract Background Rhazya stricta Decne. is a medicinal plant that is widespread in Saudi Arabia and desert areas of the Arabian Peninsula. Its extract contains alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids that are involved in different biological activities. The study aim was to evaluate the effects of Rhaz...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-017-1852-7 |
| _version_ | 1819176296980152320 |
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| author | Faisal S. Alagrafi Abdullah O. Alawad Nael M. Abutaha Fahd A. Nasr Othman A. Alhazzaa Sultan N. Alharbi Mohammad N. Alkhrayef Mohamed Hammad Ziyad A. Alhamdan Abdullah D. Alenazi Mohammad A. Wadaan |
| author_facet | Faisal S. Alagrafi Abdullah O. Alawad Nael M. Abutaha Fahd A. Nasr Othman A. Alhazzaa Sultan N. Alharbi Mohammad N. Alkhrayef Mohamed Hammad Ziyad A. Alhamdan Abdullah D. Alenazi Mohammad A. Wadaan |
| author_sort | Faisal S. Alagrafi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Rhazya stricta Decne. is a medicinal plant that is widespread in Saudi Arabia and desert areas of the Arabian Peninsula. Its extract contains alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids that are involved in different biological activities. The study aim was to evaluate the effects of Rhazya stricta plant extracts on the proliferation and differentiation of NTERA-2 (NT2) pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells. Methods Soxhlet extraction was carried out using different solvents to extract stems, leaves and fruit parts of this plant. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by an MTS cell viability assay. The ability of the plant extract to induce cell differentiation was examined phenotypically using an inverted light microscope. The expression of pluripotency markers was investigated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry. Phytochemical screening of chloroform stem extracts was carried out and a chromatographic fingerprint was generated using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results Chloroform stem extract induced differentiation of NT2 cells at 5 μg/ml, and the differentiated cells exhibited neurite formation. Following induction of differentiation, there was significant down-regulation of the pluripotency marker genes Oct4 and Sox2. In addition, the surface antigen pluripotency marker, TRA-1-60, was strongly down-regulated. Phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of alkaloids and saponins. The chromatogram revealed the presence of fifteen compounds with different retention times. Conclusion Our results demonstrate for the first time that chloroform stem extract of R. stricta can induce neuronal differentiation of stem cells at an early stage and may contain potential therapeutic agent that can be used in neurodegenerative diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T21:08:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ac83996488847a49d64259216c83efe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6882 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T21:08:31Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ac83996488847a49d64259216c83efe2022-12-21T18:12:36ZengBMCBMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine1472-68822017-06-0117111310.1186/s12906-017-1852-7In vitro induction of human embryonal carcinoma differentiation by a crude extract of Rhazya strictaFaisal S. Alagrafi0Abdullah O. Alawad1Nael M. Abutaha2Fahd A. Nasr3Othman A. Alhazzaa4Sultan N. Alharbi5Mohammad N. Alkhrayef6Mohamed Hammad7Ziyad A. Alhamdan8Abdullah D. Alenazi9Mohammad A. Wadaan10National Center for StemCell Technology (NCSCT), Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute (LSERI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)National Center for StemCell Technology (NCSCT), Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute (LSERI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityBioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityNational Center for StemCell Technology (NCSCT), Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute (LSERI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)National Center for StemCell Technology (NCSCT), Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute (LSERI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)National Center for StemCell Technology (NCSCT), Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute (LSERI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)National Center for StemCell Technology (NCSCT), Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute (LSERI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)National Center for StemCell Technology (NCSCT), Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute (LSERI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)National Center for StemCell Technology (NCSCT), Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute (LSERI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityAbstract Background Rhazya stricta Decne. is a medicinal plant that is widespread in Saudi Arabia and desert areas of the Arabian Peninsula. Its extract contains alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids that are involved in different biological activities. The study aim was to evaluate the effects of Rhazya stricta plant extracts on the proliferation and differentiation of NTERA-2 (NT2) pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells. Methods Soxhlet extraction was carried out using different solvents to extract stems, leaves and fruit parts of this plant. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by an MTS cell viability assay. The ability of the plant extract to induce cell differentiation was examined phenotypically using an inverted light microscope. The expression of pluripotency markers was investigated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry. Phytochemical screening of chloroform stem extracts was carried out and a chromatographic fingerprint was generated using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results Chloroform stem extract induced differentiation of NT2 cells at 5 μg/ml, and the differentiated cells exhibited neurite formation. Following induction of differentiation, there was significant down-regulation of the pluripotency marker genes Oct4 and Sox2. In addition, the surface antigen pluripotency marker, TRA-1-60, was strongly down-regulated. Phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of alkaloids and saponins. The chromatogram revealed the presence of fifteen compounds with different retention times. Conclusion Our results demonstrate for the first time that chloroform stem extract of R. stricta can induce neuronal differentiation of stem cells at an early stage and may contain potential therapeutic agent that can be used in neurodegenerative diseases.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-017-1852-7DifferentiationNTERA-2 cell linesRetinoic acidRhazya strictaPlant extract |
| spellingShingle | Faisal S. Alagrafi Abdullah O. Alawad Nael M. Abutaha Fahd A. Nasr Othman A. Alhazzaa Sultan N. Alharbi Mohammad N. Alkhrayef Mohamed Hammad Ziyad A. Alhamdan Abdullah D. Alenazi Mohammad A. Wadaan In vitro induction of human embryonal carcinoma differentiation by a crude extract of Rhazya stricta BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine Differentiation NTERA-2 cell lines Retinoic acid Rhazya stricta Plant extract |
| title | In vitro induction of human embryonal carcinoma differentiation by a crude extract of Rhazya stricta |
| title_full | In vitro induction of human embryonal carcinoma differentiation by a crude extract of Rhazya stricta |
| title_fullStr | In vitro induction of human embryonal carcinoma differentiation by a crude extract of Rhazya stricta |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro induction of human embryonal carcinoma differentiation by a crude extract of Rhazya stricta |
| title_short | In vitro induction of human embryonal carcinoma differentiation by a crude extract of Rhazya stricta |
| title_sort | in vitro induction of human embryonal carcinoma differentiation by a crude extract of rhazya stricta |
| topic | Differentiation NTERA-2 cell lines Retinoic acid Rhazya stricta Plant extract |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-017-1852-7 |
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