Acute effects of fresh versus dried Hayward green kiwifruit on sleep quality, mood, and sleep-related urinary metabolites in healthy young men with good and poor sleep quality
Background and aimsDaily kiwifruit (KF) consumption has been associated with improved sleep quality, but underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. This study examined acute effects of fresh and dried green KF, compared with a water control, on sleep quality, mood, and urinary serotonin and me...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1079609/full |
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| author | Alexander P. Kanon Alexander P. Kanon Alexander P. Kanon Caroline Giezenaar Caroline Giezenaar Nicole C. Roy Nicole C. Roy Nicole C. Roy Warren C. McNabb Warren C. McNabb Sharon J. Henare |
| author_facet | Alexander P. Kanon Alexander P. Kanon Alexander P. Kanon Caroline Giezenaar Caroline Giezenaar Nicole C. Roy Nicole C. Roy Nicole C. Roy Warren C. McNabb Warren C. McNabb Sharon J. Henare |
| author_sort | Alexander P. Kanon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and aimsDaily kiwifruit (KF) consumption has been associated with improved sleep quality, but underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. This study examined acute effects of fresh and dried green KF, compared with a water control, on sleep quality, mood, and urinary serotonin and melatonin metabolite concentrations.Methods24 men (age: 29 ± 1 years, body mass index: 24 ± 1 kg/m2) with poor (n = 12) or good (n = 12) sleep quality participated in a randomized, single-blind crossover study. One of three treatments was consumed with a standardized evening meal; (1) the flesh of two fresh green KF, (2) dried green KF powder (including skin; equivalent to dry matter of two fresh KF) mixed with water, or (3) a water control, in their own home. Subjective and objective sleep quality, mood, waking urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), vitamin C and B-vitamin concentrations were determined.ResultsRegardless of sleep quality group, compared to control, morning sleepiness, alertness upon awakening, and vigor were improved (p < 0.05) after dried KF consumption. Compared to control, both fresh and dried KF treatments tended (p < 0.1) toward improved esteem and total mood disturbance. Both KF treatments increased (fresh +1.56 ± 0.4 ng/g, p = 0.001; dried: +1.30 ± 0.4 ng/g, p = 0.004) urinary concentration of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA compared to the control (4.32 ± 0.4 ng/g). In poor sleepers, ease of awakening improved by 24% after dried KF consumption (p = 0.005) and tended to improve by 13% after fresh KF intake (p = 0.052) compared to the control. Good sleepers tended toward 9% improved ratings of getting to sleep with fresh KF (p = 0.053) compared to the control. Poor sleepers had lower amounts of some B-vitamins compared to good sleepers (p < 0.05).ConclusionConsumption of dried or fresh KF with a standard evening meal, was associated with improved aspects of sleep quality and mood, possibly mediated through changes in serotonin metabolism.Clinical trial registration[www.anzctr.org.au], identifier [ACTRN12621000046808].Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T00:42:51Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T00:42:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6acaa0b48f3f4794ae9696fd6f34cae82023-03-14T05:32:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2023-03-011010.3389/fnut.2023.10796091079609Acute effects of fresh versus dried Hayward green kiwifruit on sleep quality, mood, and sleep-related urinary metabolites in healthy young men with good and poor sleep qualityAlexander P. Kanon0Alexander P. Kanon1Alexander P. Kanon2Caroline Giezenaar3Caroline Giezenaar4Nicole C. Roy5Nicole C. Roy6Nicole C. Roy7Warren C. McNabb8Warren C. McNabb9Sharon J. Henare10School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New ZealandRiddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New ZealandAlpha-Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New ZealandRiddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New ZealandFood Experience and Sensory Testing Laboratory, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New ZealandRiddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New ZealandDepartment of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New ZealandHigh-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New ZealandRiddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New ZealandHigh-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New ZealandSchool of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New ZealandBackground and aimsDaily kiwifruit (KF) consumption has been associated with improved sleep quality, but underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. This study examined acute effects of fresh and dried green KF, compared with a water control, on sleep quality, mood, and urinary serotonin and melatonin metabolite concentrations.Methods24 men (age: 29 ± 1 years, body mass index: 24 ± 1 kg/m2) with poor (n = 12) or good (n = 12) sleep quality participated in a randomized, single-blind crossover study. One of three treatments was consumed with a standardized evening meal; (1) the flesh of two fresh green KF, (2) dried green KF powder (including skin; equivalent to dry matter of two fresh KF) mixed with water, or (3) a water control, in their own home. Subjective and objective sleep quality, mood, waking urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), vitamin C and B-vitamin concentrations were determined.ResultsRegardless of sleep quality group, compared to control, morning sleepiness, alertness upon awakening, and vigor were improved (p < 0.05) after dried KF consumption. Compared to control, both fresh and dried KF treatments tended (p < 0.1) toward improved esteem and total mood disturbance. Both KF treatments increased (fresh +1.56 ± 0.4 ng/g, p = 0.001; dried: +1.30 ± 0.4 ng/g, p = 0.004) urinary concentration of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA compared to the control (4.32 ± 0.4 ng/g). In poor sleepers, ease of awakening improved by 24% after dried KF consumption (p = 0.005) and tended to improve by 13% after fresh KF intake (p = 0.052) compared to the control. Good sleepers tended toward 9% improved ratings of getting to sleep with fresh KF (p = 0.053) compared to the control. Poor sleepers had lower amounts of some B-vitamins compared to good sleepers (p < 0.05).ConclusionConsumption of dried or fresh KF with a standard evening meal, was associated with improved aspects of sleep quality and mood, possibly mediated through changes in serotonin metabolism.Clinical trial registration[www.anzctr.org.au], identifier [ACTRN12621000046808].Graphical Abstracthttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1079609/fullsleepmoodkiwifruitmelatonin (6-sulfatoxymelatonin)serotoninalertness |
| spellingShingle | Alexander P. Kanon Alexander P. Kanon Alexander P. Kanon Caroline Giezenaar Caroline Giezenaar Nicole C. Roy Nicole C. Roy Nicole C. Roy Warren C. McNabb Warren C. McNabb Sharon J. Henare Acute effects of fresh versus dried Hayward green kiwifruit on sleep quality, mood, and sleep-related urinary metabolites in healthy young men with good and poor sleep quality Frontiers in Nutrition sleep mood kiwifruit melatonin (6-sulfatoxymelatonin) serotonin alertness |
| title | Acute effects of fresh versus dried Hayward green kiwifruit on sleep quality, mood, and sleep-related urinary metabolites in healthy young men with good and poor sleep quality |
| title_full | Acute effects of fresh versus dried Hayward green kiwifruit on sleep quality, mood, and sleep-related urinary metabolites in healthy young men with good and poor sleep quality |
| title_fullStr | Acute effects of fresh versus dried Hayward green kiwifruit on sleep quality, mood, and sleep-related urinary metabolites in healthy young men with good and poor sleep quality |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acute effects of fresh versus dried Hayward green kiwifruit on sleep quality, mood, and sleep-related urinary metabolites in healthy young men with good and poor sleep quality |
| title_short | Acute effects of fresh versus dried Hayward green kiwifruit on sleep quality, mood, and sleep-related urinary metabolites in healthy young men with good and poor sleep quality |
| title_sort | acute effects of fresh versus dried hayward green kiwifruit on sleep quality mood and sleep related urinary metabolites in healthy young men with good and poor sleep quality |
| topic | sleep mood kiwifruit melatonin (6-sulfatoxymelatonin) serotonin alertness |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1079609/full |
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