Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Technology for Yujin Powder Using Response Surface Methodology with a Box–Behnken Design Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process–Criteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation Weight Analysis and Its Safety Evaluation
Here, we aimed to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for Yujin powder (YJP) and evaluate its safety. The ultrasonic-assisted ethanol reflux extraction method refluxing was used to extract YJP. The parameters were optimized through a combination of single-factor and response surface methodolo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/24/8124 |
| _version_ | 1797379851836981248 |
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| author | Lidong Jiang Wangdong Zhang Wenbo Zhao Yanzi Cai Xue Qin Baoshan Wang Jiao Xue Yanqiao Wen Yanming Wei Yongli Hua Wanling Yao |
| author_facet | Lidong Jiang Wangdong Zhang Wenbo Zhao Yanzi Cai Xue Qin Baoshan Wang Jiao Xue Yanqiao Wen Yanming Wei Yongli Hua Wanling Yao |
| author_sort | Lidong Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Here, we aimed to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for Yujin powder (YJP) and evaluate its safety. The ultrasonic-assisted ethanol reflux extraction method refluxing was used to extract YJP. The parameters were optimized through a combination of single-factor and response surface methodology (RSM). The comprehensive Y value score calculated using the content of 13 active ingredients in YJP ethanolic extracts (YEEs) and the yield of the dry extract were used as measuring criteria. RSM with a Box–Behnken design using three factors and three levels was adopted to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for YJP. Finally, acute and subchronic toxicity tests were performed to evaluate its safety. The results revealed the best technological parameters: a liquid–material ratio of 24:1, an ethanol concentration of 69%, assistance of ultrasound (40 °C, 50 kHZ, 30 min), reflux time of 53 min, and reflux temperature of 50 °C. In acute toxicity tests, the maximum administration dosage in mice was 28.21 g/kg, which is higher than 10 times the clinical dosage. Adverse effects in the acute and subchronic toxicity tests were not observed. All clinical indexes were normal. In conclusion, the RSM based on AHP–CRITIC weight analysis could be used to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for YJP and YEEs prepared under the above conditions and ensure high safety. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:29:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6acb0e8850f844eaa35a07c259a23829 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:29:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-6acb0e8850f844eaa35a07c259a238292023-12-22T14:27:53ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-12-012824812410.3390/molecules28248124Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Technology for Yujin Powder Using Response Surface Methodology with a Box–Behnken Design Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process–Criteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation Weight Analysis and Its Safety EvaluationLidong Jiang0Wangdong Zhang1Wenbo Zhao2Yanzi Cai3Xue Qin4Baoshan Wang5Jiao Xue6Yanqiao Wen7Yanming Wei8Yongli Hua9Wanling Yao10College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaHere, we aimed to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for Yujin powder (YJP) and evaluate its safety. The ultrasonic-assisted ethanol reflux extraction method refluxing was used to extract YJP. The parameters were optimized through a combination of single-factor and response surface methodology (RSM). The comprehensive Y value score calculated using the content of 13 active ingredients in YJP ethanolic extracts (YEEs) and the yield of the dry extract were used as measuring criteria. RSM with a Box–Behnken design using three factors and three levels was adopted to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for YJP. Finally, acute and subchronic toxicity tests were performed to evaluate its safety. The results revealed the best technological parameters: a liquid–material ratio of 24:1, an ethanol concentration of 69%, assistance of ultrasound (40 °C, 50 kHZ, 30 min), reflux time of 53 min, and reflux temperature of 50 °C. In acute toxicity tests, the maximum administration dosage in mice was 28.21 g/kg, which is higher than 10 times the clinical dosage. Adverse effects in the acute and subchronic toxicity tests were not observed. All clinical indexes were normal. In conclusion, the RSM based on AHP–CRITIC weight analysis could be used to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for YJP and YEEs prepared under the above conditions and ensure high safety.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/24/8124Yujin powderethanol extractssingle factor testAHP-CRITIC mixed weighting methodresponse surface methodsafety test |
| spellingShingle | Lidong Jiang Wangdong Zhang Wenbo Zhao Yanzi Cai Xue Qin Baoshan Wang Jiao Xue Yanqiao Wen Yanming Wei Yongli Hua Wanling Yao Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Technology for Yujin Powder Using Response Surface Methodology with a Box–Behnken Design Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process–Criteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation Weight Analysis and Its Safety Evaluation Molecules Yujin powder ethanol extracts single factor test AHP-CRITIC mixed weighting method response surface method safety test |
| title | Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Technology for Yujin Powder Using Response Surface Methodology with a Box–Behnken Design Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process–Criteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation Weight Analysis and Its Safety Evaluation |
| title_full | Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Technology for Yujin Powder Using Response Surface Methodology with a Box–Behnken Design Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process–Criteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation Weight Analysis and Its Safety Evaluation |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Technology for Yujin Powder Using Response Surface Methodology with a Box–Behnken Design Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process–Criteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation Weight Analysis and Its Safety Evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Technology for Yujin Powder Using Response Surface Methodology with a Box–Behnken Design Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process–Criteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation Weight Analysis and Its Safety Evaluation |
| title_short | Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Technology for Yujin Powder Using Response Surface Methodology with a Box–Behnken Design Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process–Criteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation Weight Analysis and Its Safety Evaluation |
| title_sort | optimization of ethanol extraction technology for yujin powder using response surface methodology with a box behnken design based on analytic hierarchy process criteria importance through intercriteria correlation weight analysis and its safety evaluation |
| topic | Yujin powder ethanol extracts single factor test AHP-CRITIC mixed weighting method response surface method safety test |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/24/8124 |
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