Design and Evaluation of Screening Smoke Compositions Based on Red Phosphorus in Open Field Conditions
This research describes the design and evaluation of screening smoke compositions based on red phosphorus (RP), in open field conditions. In defense applications, smoke is used for both signaling and screening. Defense forces use smoke screening over their operational areas to conceal positions and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/24/12893 |
| _version_ | 1797461558231564288 |
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| author | Bogdan Gheorghe Pulpea Daniela Pulpea Eugen Trană Traian Rotariu Raluca Elena Ginghină Gabriela Toader Florin Marian Dirloman |
| author_facet | Bogdan Gheorghe Pulpea Daniela Pulpea Eugen Trană Traian Rotariu Raluca Elena Ginghină Gabriela Toader Florin Marian Dirloman |
| author_sort | Bogdan Gheorghe Pulpea |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research describes the design and evaluation of screening smoke compositions based on red phosphorus (RP), in open field conditions. In defense applications, smoke is used for both signaling and screening. Defense forces use smoke screening over their operational areas to conceal positions and activities from the ground or air observation performed by the enemy. In this research, various optimized smoke charges based on RP were prepared and tested to investigate IR and VIS screening effectiveness in static and dynamic conditions and to establish the parameters that influence the screening time (ST- the active time of the small solid hot particles suspended in the air). In addition, this study projected a mathematical model to describe the concealing time of a civil or military target by optimizing the smoke compositions. The mathematical approach clarifies the limitations of reducing smoke charge while maintaining adequate screening time. The empirical mathematical model estimates the screening time of the generated solid smoke particles (aerosol) through laboratory experiments and open field studies. According to the experimental results, more hot particles should be kept in the atmosphere to maintain the smoke screen and sustain the aerosol density in the considered volume. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:22:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6acd07c72d324136a53e3b1d01f70816 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:22:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6acd07c72d324136a53e3b1d01f708162023-11-24T13:06:33ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-12-0112241289310.3390/app122412893Design and Evaluation of Screening Smoke Compositions Based on Red Phosphorus in Open Field ConditionsBogdan Gheorghe Pulpea0Daniela Pulpea1Eugen Trană2Traian Rotariu3Raluca Elena Ginghină4Gabriela Toader5Florin Marian Dirloman6Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39–49 George Coșbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, RomaniaMilitary Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39–49 George Coșbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, RomaniaMilitary Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39–49 George Coșbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, RomaniaMilitary Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39–49 George Coșbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, RomaniaResearch and Innovation Center for CBRN Defense and Ecology, 225 Șoseaua Oltenitei, 041327 Bucharest, RomaniaMilitary Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39–49 George Coșbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, RomaniaMilitary Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39–49 George Coșbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, RomaniaThis research describes the design and evaluation of screening smoke compositions based on red phosphorus (RP), in open field conditions. In defense applications, smoke is used for both signaling and screening. Defense forces use smoke screening over their operational areas to conceal positions and activities from the ground or air observation performed by the enemy. In this research, various optimized smoke charges based on RP were prepared and tested to investigate IR and VIS screening effectiveness in static and dynamic conditions and to establish the parameters that influence the screening time (ST- the active time of the small solid hot particles suspended in the air). In addition, this study projected a mathematical model to describe the concealing time of a civil or military target by optimizing the smoke compositions. The mathematical approach clarifies the limitations of reducing smoke charge while maintaining adequate screening time. The empirical mathematical model estimates the screening time of the generated solid smoke particles (aerosol) through laboratory experiments and open field studies. According to the experimental results, more hot particles should be kept in the atmosphere to maintain the smoke screen and sustain the aerosol density in the considered volume.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/24/12893screening time (ST)smoke-generating devices (SGD)red phosphorus (RP) |
| spellingShingle | Bogdan Gheorghe Pulpea Daniela Pulpea Eugen Trană Traian Rotariu Raluca Elena Ginghină Gabriela Toader Florin Marian Dirloman Design and Evaluation of Screening Smoke Compositions Based on Red Phosphorus in Open Field Conditions Applied Sciences screening time (ST) smoke-generating devices (SGD) red phosphorus (RP) |
| title | Design and Evaluation of Screening Smoke Compositions Based on Red Phosphorus in Open Field Conditions |
| title_full | Design and Evaluation of Screening Smoke Compositions Based on Red Phosphorus in Open Field Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Design and Evaluation of Screening Smoke Compositions Based on Red Phosphorus in Open Field Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Evaluation of Screening Smoke Compositions Based on Red Phosphorus in Open Field Conditions |
| title_short | Design and Evaluation of Screening Smoke Compositions Based on Red Phosphorus in Open Field Conditions |
| title_sort | design and evaluation of screening smoke compositions based on red phosphorus in open field conditions |
| topic | screening time (ST) smoke-generating devices (SGD) red phosphorus (RP) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/24/12893 |
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