Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Multiple Sclerosis in Icelandic Women—A Population-Based Cohort Study
Background: A growing literature, mostly based on selected populations, indicates that traumas may be associated with autoimmune diseases, yet few studies exist on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in the general population. Objective: We assessed cross-sectional assoc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/11/1559 |
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| author | Nicole M. Gatto Edda Bjork Thordardottir Gunnar Tomasson Harpa Rúnarsdóttir Huan Song Jóhanna Jakobsdóttir Thor Aspelund Unnur Anna Valdimarsdóttir Arna Hauksdóttir |
| author_facet | Nicole M. Gatto Edda Bjork Thordardottir Gunnar Tomasson Harpa Rúnarsdóttir Huan Song Jóhanna Jakobsdóttir Thor Aspelund Unnur Anna Valdimarsdóttir Arna Hauksdóttir |
| author_sort | Nicole M. Gatto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: A growing literature, mostly based on selected populations, indicates that traumas may be associated with autoimmune diseases, yet few studies exist on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in the general population. Objective: We assessed cross-sectional associations between self-reported ACEs and MS among Icelandic women in the population-based Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA) cohort. Methods: Participants (n = 27,870; mean age 44.9 years) answered a web-based survey that included the ACE-International Questionnaire and a question about MS diagnosis. Log-linear Poisson regression models estimated MS prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for ACEs adjusted for covariates. Results: 214 women reported having been diagnosed with MS (crude prevalence = 7.7 per 1000). Compared to women without MS, women with MS reported more fatigue, body pain and bladder problems. The average cumulative number of ACEs was 2.1. After adjustment for age, education, childhood deprivation, smoking and depressive symptoms, MS prevalence did not increase with increasing ACEs exposure (PR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.92, 1.09). Thirteen ACE categories, including abuse, neglect, household dysfunction and violence were not individually or independently associated with MS. Conclusion: Limited by self-reported data and cross-sectional design, results do not consistently support associations between ACEs in the development of MS among adult Icelandic women. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:27:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ad2bfbe759344779bb92d1ae9779bf8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:27:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ad2bfbe759344779bb92d1ae9779bf82023-11-24T07:49:48ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252022-11-011211155910.3390/brainsci12111559Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Multiple Sclerosis in Icelandic Women—A Population-Based Cohort StudyNicole M. Gatto0Edda Bjork Thordardottir1Gunnar Tomasson2Harpa Rúnarsdóttir3Huan Song4Jóhanna Jakobsdóttir5Thor Aspelund6Unnur Anna Valdimarsdóttir7Arna Hauksdóttir8Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, IcelandCentre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, IcelandCentre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, IcelandCentre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, IcelandCentre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, IcelandCentre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, IcelandCentre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, IcelandCentre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, IcelandCentre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, IcelandBackground: A growing literature, mostly based on selected populations, indicates that traumas may be associated with autoimmune diseases, yet few studies exist on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in the general population. Objective: We assessed cross-sectional associations between self-reported ACEs and MS among Icelandic women in the population-based Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA) cohort. Methods: Participants (n = 27,870; mean age 44.9 years) answered a web-based survey that included the ACE-International Questionnaire and a question about MS diagnosis. Log-linear Poisson regression models estimated MS prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for ACEs adjusted for covariates. Results: 214 women reported having been diagnosed with MS (crude prevalence = 7.7 per 1000). Compared to women without MS, women with MS reported more fatigue, body pain and bladder problems. The average cumulative number of ACEs was 2.1. After adjustment for age, education, childhood deprivation, smoking and depressive symptoms, MS prevalence did not increase with increasing ACEs exposure (PR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.92, 1.09). Thirteen ACE categories, including abuse, neglect, household dysfunction and violence were not individually or independently associated with MS. Conclusion: Limited by self-reported data and cross-sectional design, results do not consistently support associations between ACEs in the development of MS among adult Icelandic women.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/11/1559traumamultiple sclerosisautoimmunechildhoodstressorACEs |
| spellingShingle | Nicole M. Gatto Edda Bjork Thordardottir Gunnar Tomasson Harpa Rúnarsdóttir Huan Song Jóhanna Jakobsdóttir Thor Aspelund Unnur Anna Valdimarsdóttir Arna Hauksdóttir Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Multiple Sclerosis in Icelandic Women—A Population-Based Cohort Study Brain Sciences trauma multiple sclerosis autoimmune childhood stressor ACEs |
| title | Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Multiple Sclerosis in Icelandic Women—A Population-Based Cohort Study |
| title_full | Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Multiple Sclerosis in Icelandic Women—A Population-Based Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Multiple Sclerosis in Icelandic Women—A Population-Based Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Multiple Sclerosis in Icelandic Women—A Population-Based Cohort Study |
| title_short | Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Multiple Sclerosis in Icelandic Women—A Population-Based Cohort Study |
| title_sort | association between adverse childhood experiences and multiple sclerosis in icelandic women a population based cohort study |
| topic | trauma multiple sclerosis autoimmune childhood stressor ACEs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/11/1559 |
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