Dietary diversity and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in Spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome. Findings from PREDIMED-Plus trial

Abstract Objective: To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal (2-year follow-up) associations between dietary diversity (DD) and depressive symptoms. Design: An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was assessed using a validated FFQ and was categorised into quartiles (Q). The vari...

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Main Authors: Naomi Cano-Ibáñez, Lluis Serra-Majem, Sandra Martín-Peláez, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Dolores Corella, Camille Lassale, Jose Alfredo Martínez, Ángel M Alonso-Gómez, Julia Wärnberg, Jesús Vioque, Dora Romaguera, José López-Miranda, Ramon Estruch, Ana María Gómez-Pérez, José Lapetra, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, Josep A Tur, Naiara Cubelos, Xavier Pintó, José Juan Gaforio, Pilar Matía-Martín, Josep Vidal, Cristina Calderón, Lidia Daimiel, Emilio Ros, Alfredo Gea, Nancy Babio, Ignacio Manuel Gimenez-Alba, María Dolores Zomeño-Fajardo, Itziar Abete, Lucas Tojal Sierra, Rita P Romero-Galisteo, Manoli García de la Hera, Marian Martín-Padillo, Antonio García-Ríos, Rosa M Casas, JC Fernández-García, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, Estefanía Toledo, Nerea Becerra-Tomas, Jose V Sorli, Helmut Schröder, María A Zulet, Carolina Sorto-Sánchez, Javier Diez-Espino, Carlos Gómez-Martínez, Montse Fitó, Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2023-03-01
Series:Public Health Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980022001525/type/journal_article
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author Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
Lluis Serra-Majem
Sandra Martín-Peláez
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
Dolores Corella
Camille Lassale
Jose Alfredo Martínez
Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
Julia Wärnberg
Jesús Vioque
Dora Romaguera
José López-Miranda
Ramon Estruch
Ana María Gómez-Pérez
José Lapetra
Fernando Fernández-Aranda
Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
Josep A Tur
Naiara Cubelos
Xavier Pintó
José Juan Gaforio
Pilar Matía-Martín
Josep Vidal
Cristina Calderón
Lidia Daimiel
Emilio Ros
Alfredo Gea
Nancy Babio
Ignacio Manuel Gimenez-Alba
María Dolores Zomeño-Fajardo
Itziar Abete
Lucas Tojal Sierra
Rita P Romero-Galisteo
Manoli García de la Hera
Marian Martín-Padillo
Antonio García-Ríos
Rosa M Casas
JC Fernández-García
José Manuel Santos-Lozano
Estefanía Toledo
Nerea Becerra-Tomas
Jose V Sorli
Helmut Schröder
María A Zulet
Carolina Sorto-Sánchez
Javier Diez-Espino
Carlos Gómez-Martínez
Montse Fitó
Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
author_facet Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
Lluis Serra-Majem
Sandra Martín-Peláez
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
Dolores Corella
Camille Lassale
Jose Alfredo Martínez
Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
Julia Wärnberg
Jesús Vioque
Dora Romaguera
José López-Miranda
Ramon Estruch
Ana María Gómez-Pérez
José Lapetra
Fernando Fernández-Aranda
Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
Josep A Tur
Naiara Cubelos
Xavier Pintó
José Juan Gaforio
Pilar Matía-Martín
Josep Vidal
Cristina Calderón
Lidia Daimiel
Emilio Ros
Alfredo Gea
Nancy Babio
Ignacio Manuel Gimenez-Alba
María Dolores Zomeño-Fajardo
Itziar Abete
Lucas Tojal Sierra
Rita P Romero-Galisteo
Manoli García de la Hera
Marian Martín-Padillo
Antonio García-Ríos
Rosa M Casas
JC Fernández-García
José Manuel Santos-Lozano
Estefanía Toledo
Nerea Becerra-Tomas
Jose V Sorli
Helmut Schröder
María A Zulet
Carolina Sorto-Sánchez
Javier Diez-Espino
Carlos Gómez-Martínez
Montse Fitó
Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
author_sort Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective: To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal (2-year follow-up) associations between dietary diversity (DD) and depressive symptoms. Design: An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was assessed using a validated FFQ and was categorised into quartiles (Q). The variety in each food group was classified into four categories of diversity (C). Depressive symptoms were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck II) questionnaire and depression cases defined as physician-diagnosed or Beck II >= 18. Linear and logistic regression models were used. Setting: Spanish older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Participants: A total of 6625 adults aged 55–75 years from the PREDIMED-Plus study with overweight or obesity and MetS. Results: Total DDS was inversely and statistically significantly associated with depression in the cross-sectional analysis conducted; OR Q4 v. Q1 = 0·76 (95 % CI (0·64, 0·90)). This was driven by high diversity compared to low diversity (C3 v. C1) of vegetables (OR = 0·75, 95 % CI (0·57, 0·93)), cereals (OR = 0·72 (95 % CI (0·56, 0·94)) and proteins (OR = 0·27, 95 % CI (0·11, 0·62)). In the longitudinal analysis, there was no significant association between the baseline DDS and changes in depressive symptoms after 2 years of follow-up, except for DD in vegetables C4 v. C1 = (β = 0·70, 95 % CI (0·05, 1·35)). Conclusions: According to our results, DD is inversely associated with depressive symptoms, but eating more diverse does not seem to reduce the risk of future depression. Additional longitudinal studies (with longer follow-up) are needed to confirm these findings.
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spelling doaj.art-6ad5d1acf7764796b10e1e7184a97b202023-08-17T10:00:50ZengCambridge University PressPublic Health Nutrition1368-98001475-27272023-03-012659861010.1017/S1368980022001525Dietary diversity and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in Spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome. Findings from PREDIMED-Plus trialNaomi Cano-Ibáñez0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3640-5486Lluis Serra-Majem1Sandra Martín-Peláez2Miguel Ángel Martínez-González3Jordi Salas-Salvadó4Dolores Corella5Camille Lassale6Jose Alfredo Martínez7Ángel M Alonso-Gómez8Julia Wärnberg9Jesús Vioque10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-148XDora Romaguera11José López-Miranda12Ramon Estruch13Ana María Gómez-Pérez14José Lapetra15Fernando Fernández-Aranda16Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0649-3016Josep A Tur18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6940-0761Naiara Cubelos19Xavier Pintó20José Juan Gaforio21Pilar Matía-Martín22Josep Vidal23Cristina Calderón24Lidia Daimiel25Emilio Ros26https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2573-1294Alfredo Gea27Nancy Babio28Ignacio Manuel Gimenez-Alba29https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6380-8467María Dolores Zomeño-Fajardo30Itziar Abete31Lucas Tojal Sierra32Rita P Romero-Galisteo33Manoli García de la Hera34https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5742-2704Marian Martín-Padillo35Antonio García-Ríos36Rosa M Casas37JC Fernández-García38José Manuel Santos-Lozano39Estefanía Toledo40https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6263-4434Nerea Becerra-Tomas41Jose V Sorli42Helmut Schröder43María A Zulet44Carolina Sorto-Sánchez45Javier Diez-Espino46Carlos Gómez-Martínez47https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3077-6702Montse Fitó48Almudena Sánchez-Villegas49Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. De la Investigación, 11, Granada, 18016, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. De la Investigación, 11, Granada, 18016, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USAConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain Cardiometabolic Nutrition Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Internal Medicine, Institut dÌnvestigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. De la Investigación, 11, Granada, 18016, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, SpainJosé Aguado Health Centre, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, Jaén, SpainDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, SpainCIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Endocrinology, Institut dÌnvestigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD, University Autónoma, Madrid, SpainNutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Endocrinology, Institut dÌnvestigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarre, Pamplona, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, SpainDepartment of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, Alicante, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Internal Medicine, Institut dÌnvestigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarre, Pamplona, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, SpainConsorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain Abstract Objective: To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal (2-year follow-up) associations between dietary diversity (DD) and depressive symptoms. Design: An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was assessed using a validated FFQ and was categorised into quartiles (Q). The variety in each food group was classified into four categories of diversity (C). Depressive symptoms were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck II) questionnaire and depression cases defined as physician-diagnosed or Beck II >= 18. Linear and logistic regression models were used. Setting: Spanish older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Participants: A total of 6625 adults aged 55–75 years from the PREDIMED-Plus study with overweight or obesity and MetS. Results: Total DDS was inversely and statistically significantly associated with depression in the cross-sectional analysis conducted; OR Q4 v. Q1 = 0·76 (95 % CI (0·64, 0·90)). This was driven by high diversity compared to low diversity (C3 v. C1) of vegetables (OR = 0·75, 95 % CI (0·57, 0·93)), cereals (OR = 0·72 (95 % CI (0·56, 0·94)) and proteins (OR = 0·27, 95 % CI (0·11, 0·62)). In the longitudinal analysis, there was no significant association between the baseline DDS and changes in depressive symptoms after 2 years of follow-up, except for DD in vegetables C4 v. C1 = (β = 0·70, 95 % CI (0·05, 1·35)). Conclusions: According to our results, DD is inversely associated with depressive symptoms, but eating more diverse does not seem to reduce the risk of future depression. Additional longitudinal studies (with longer follow-up) are needed to confirm these findings. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980022001525/type/journal_articleDietary diversity scoreDepressionPREDIMED-Plus study
spellingShingle Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
Lluis Serra-Majem
Sandra Martín-Peláez
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
Dolores Corella
Camille Lassale
Jose Alfredo Martínez
Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
Julia Wärnberg
Jesús Vioque
Dora Romaguera
José López-Miranda
Ramon Estruch
Ana María Gómez-Pérez
José Lapetra
Fernando Fernández-Aranda
Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
Josep A Tur
Naiara Cubelos
Xavier Pintó
José Juan Gaforio
Pilar Matía-Martín
Josep Vidal
Cristina Calderón
Lidia Daimiel
Emilio Ros
Alfredo Gea
Nancy Babio
Ignacio Manuel Gimenez-Alba
María Dolores Zomeño-Fajardo
Itziar Abete
Lucas Tojal Sierra
Rita P Romero-Galisteo
Manoli García de la Hera
Marian Martín-Padillo
Antonio García-Ríos
Rosa M Casas
JC Fernández-García
José Manuel Santos-Lozano
Estefanía Toledo
Nerea Becerra-Tomas
Jose V Sorli
Helmut Schröder
María A Zulet
Carolina Sorto-Sánchez
Javier Diez-Espino
Carlos Gómez-Martínez
Montse Fitó
Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
Dietary diversity and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in Spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome. Findings from PREDIMED-Plus trial
Public Health Nutrition
Dietary diversity score
Depression
PREDIMED-Plus study
title Dietary diversity and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in Spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome. Findings from PREDIMED-Plus trial
title_full Dietary diversity and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in Spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome. Findings from PREDIMED-Plus trial
title_fullStr Dietary diversity and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in Spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome. Findings from PREDIMED-Plus trial
title_full_unstemmed Dietary diversity and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in Spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome. Findings from PREDIMED-Plus trial
title_short Dietary diversity and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in Spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome. Findings from PREDIMED-Plus trial
title_sort dietary diversity and depression cross sectional and longitudinal analyses in spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome findings from predimed plus trial
topic Dietary diversity score
Depression
PREDIMED-Plus study
url https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980022001525/type/journal_article
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AT dolorescorella dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT camillelassale dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT josealfredomartinez dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT angelmalonsogomez dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT juliawarnberg dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT jesusvioque dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT doraromaguera dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT joselopezmiranda dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT ramonestruch dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT anamariagomezperez dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT joselapetra dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT fernandofernandezaranda dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT aurorabuenocavanillas dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT josepatur dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT naiaracubelos dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT xavierpinto dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT josejuangaforio dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT pilarmatiamartin dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT josepvidal dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT cristinacalderon dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT lidiadaimiel dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT emilioros dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT alfredogea dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT nancybabio dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT ignaciomanuelgimenezalba dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT mariadoloreszomenofajardo dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT itziarabete dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT lucastojalsierra dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT ritapromerogalisteo dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT manoligarciadelahera dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT marianmartinpadillo dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT antoniogarciarios dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT rosamcasas dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT jcfernandezgarcia dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT josemanuelsantoslozano dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT estefaniatoledo dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT nereabecerratomas dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT josevsorli dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT helmutschroder dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT mariaazulet dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT carolinasortosanchez dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT javierdiezespino dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT carlosgomezmartinez dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT montsefito dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial
AT almudenasanchezvillegas dietarydiversityanddepressioncrosssectionalandlongitudinalanalysesinspanishadultpopulationwithmetabolicsyndromefindingsfrompredimedplustrial