Case of Mixed Infection of Toenail Caused by <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> and <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i> and In Vitro Effectiveness of Propolis Extract on Mixed Biofilm
Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal nail infection caused by several filamentous and yeast-like fungi, such as the genus <i>Candida</i> spp., of great clinical importance. Black yeasts, such as <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i>, a closely related <i>Candida</i> spp. spe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/5/581 |
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| author | Alana Salvador Flávia Franco Veiga Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski Melyssa Negri |
| author_facet | Alana Salvador Flávia Franco Veiga Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski Melyssa Negri |
| author_sort | Alana Salvador |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal nail infection caused by several filamentous and yeast-like fungi, such as the genus <i>Candida</i> spp., of great clinical importance. Black yeasts, such as <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i>, a closely related <i>Candida</i> spp. species, also act as opportunistic pathogens. Fungi infectious diseases are affected by organisms organized in biofilm in onychomycosis, making treatment even more difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility profile to propolis extract and the ability to form a simple and mixed biofilm of two yeasts isolated from the same onychomycosis infection. The yeasts isolated from a patient with onychomycosis were identified as <i>Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto</i> and <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i>. Both yeasts were able to form simple and mixed (in combination) biofilms. Notably, <i>C. parapsilosis</i> prevailed when presented in combination. The susceptibility profile of propolis extract showed action against <i>E. dermatitidis</i> and <i>C. parapsilosis</i> in planktonic form, but when the yeasts were in mixed biofilm, we only observed action against <i>E. dermatitidis</i>, until total eradication. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:35:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ad614b5394e46cf9549b0483e9297a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:35:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ad614b5394e46cf9549b0483e9297a02023-11-18T02:02:39ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-05-019558110.3390/jof9050581Case of Mixed Infection of Toenail Caused by <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> and <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i> and In Vitro Effectiveness of Propolis Extract on Mixed BiofilmAlana Salvador0Flávia Franco Veiga1Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski2Melyssa Negri3Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá CEP 87020-900, PR, BrazilDepartamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá CEP 87020-900, PR, BrazilDepartamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá CEP 87020-900, PR, BrazilDepartamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá CEP 87020-900, PR, BrazilOnychomycosis is a chronic fungal nail infection caused by several filamentous and yeast-like fungi, such as the genus <i>Candida</i> spp., of great clinical importance. Black yeasts, such as <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i>, a closely related <i>Candida</i> spp. species, also act as opportunistic pathogens. Fungi infectious diseases are affected by organisms organized in biofilm in onychomycosis, making treatment even more difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility profile to propolis extract and the ability to form a simple and mixed biofilm of two yeasts isolated from the same onychomycosis infection. The yeasts isolated from a patient with onychomycosis were identified as <i>Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto</i> and <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i>. Both yeasts were able to form simple and mixed (in combination) biofilms. Notably, <i>C. parapsilosis</i> prevailed when presented in combination. The susceptibility profile of propolis extract showed action against <i>E. dermatitidis</i> and <i>C. parapsilosis</i> in planktonic form, but when the yeasts were in mixed biofilm, we only observed action against <i>E. dermatitidis</i>, until total eradication.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/5/581biofilm<i>Candida parapsilosis</i>black yeastpropolis extract |
| spellingShingle | Alana Salvador Flávia Franco Veiga Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski Melyssa Negri Case of Mixed Infection of Toenail Caused by <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> and <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i> and In Vitro Effectiveness of Propolis Extract on Mixed Biofilm Journal of Fungi biofilm <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> black yeast propolis extract |
| title | Case of Mixed Infection of Toenail Caused by <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> and <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i> and In Vitro Effectiveness of Propolis Extract on Mixed Biofilm |
| title_full | Case of Mixed Infection of Toenail Caused by <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> and <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i> and In Vitro Effectiveness of Propolis Extract on Mixed Biofilm |
| title_fullStr | Case of Mixed Infection of Toenail Caused by <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> and <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i> and In Vitro Effectiveness of Propolis Extract on Mixed Biofilm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Case of Mixed Infection of Toenail Caused by <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> and <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i> and In Vitro Effectiveness of Propolis Extract on Mixed Biofilm |
| title_short | Case of Mixed Infection of Toenail Caused by <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> and <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i> and In Vitro Effectiveness of Propolis Extract on Mixed Biofilm |
| title_sort | case of mixed infection of toenail caused by i candida parapsilosis i and i exophiala dermatitidis i and in vitro effectiveness of propolis extract on mixed biofilm |
| topic | biofilm <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> black yeast propolis extract |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/5/581 |
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