Longitudinal <it>in vitro</it> surveillance of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> sensitivity to common anti-malarials in Thailand between 1994 and 2010
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Drug and multidrug-resistant <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> malaria has existed in Thailand for several decades. Furthermore, Thailand serves as a sentinel for drug-resistant malaria within the Greater Mekong sub-region....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2012-08-01
|
| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/290 |
| _version_ | 1818938226299109376 |
|---|---|
| author | Parker Daniel Lerdprom Rujira Srisatjarak Wanna Yan Guiyun Sattabongkot Jetsumon Wood James Sirichaisinthop Jeeraphat Cui Liwang |
| author_facet | Parker Daniel Lerdprom Rujira Srisatjarak Wanna Yan Guiyun Sattabongkot Jetsumon Wood James Sirichaisinthop Jeeraphat Cui Liwang |
| author_sort | Parker Daniel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Drug and multidrug-resistant <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> malaria has existed in Thailand for several decades. Furthermore, Thailand serves as a sentinel for drug-resistant malaria within the Greater Mekong sub-region. However, the drug resistance situation is highly dynamic, changing quickly over time. Here parasite <it>in vitro</it> drug sensitivity is reported for artemisinin derivatives, mefloquine, chloroquine and quinine, across Thailand.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Blood was drawn from patients infected with <it>P. falciparum</it> in seven sentinel provinces along Thai international borders with Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, and Malaysia. <it>In vitro</it> parasite sensitivity was tested using the World Health Organization’s microtest (mark III) (between 1994 and 2002) and the histidine-rich protein-2 (HRP2)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (in 2010). Following World Health Organization protocol, at least 30 isolates were collected for each province and year represented in this study. Where possible, <it>t</it>-tests were used to test for significant differences.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There appears to be little variation across study sites with regard to parasite sensitivity to chloroquine. Quinine resistance appears to have been rising prior to 1997, but has subsequently decreased. Mefloquine sensitivity appears high across the provinces, especially along the north-western border with Myanmar and the eastern border with Cambodia. Finally, the data suggest that parasite sensitivity to artemisinin and its derivatives is significantly higher in provinces along the north-western border with Myanmar.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Parasite sensitivity to anti-malarials in Thailand is highly variable over time and largely mirrors official drug use policy. The findings with regard to reduced sensitivity to artemisinin derivatives are supported by recent reports of reduced parasite clearance associated with artemisinin. This trend is alarming since artemisinin is considered the last defence against malaria. Continued surveillance in Thailand, along with increased collaboration and surveillance across the entire Greater Mekong sub-region, is clearly warranted.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T06:04:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ae018b5d5bb48bfb3f64579d3069889 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T06:04:29Z |
| publishDate | 2012-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ae018b5d5bb48bfb3f64579d30698892022-12-21T19:50:50ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752012-08-0111129010.1186/1475-2875-11-290Longitudinal <it>in vitro</it> surveillance of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> sensitivity to common anti-malarials in Thailand between 1994 and 2010Parker DanielLerdprom RujiraSrisatjarak WannaYan GuiyunSattabongkot JetsumonWood JamesSirichaisinthop JeeraphatCui Liwang<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Drug and multidrug-resistant <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> malaria has existed in Thailand for several decades. Furthermore, Thailand serves as a sentinel for drug-resistant malaria within the Greater Mekong sub-region. However, the drug resistance situation is highly dynamic, changing quickly over time. Here parasite <it>in vitro</it> drug sensitivity is reported for artemisinin derivatives, mefloquine, chloroquine and quinine, across Thailand.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Blood was drawn from patients infected with <it>P. falciparum</it> in seven sentinel provinces along Thai international borders with Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, and Malaysia. <it>In vitro</it> parasite sensitivity was tested using the World Health Organization’s microtest (mark III) (between 1994 and 2002) and the histidine-rich protein-2 (HRP2)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (in 2010). Following World Health Organization protocol, at least 30 isolates were collected for each province and year represented in this study. Where possible, <it>t</it>-tests were used to test for significant differences.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There appears to be little variation across study sites with regard to parasite sensitivity to chloroquine. Quinine resistance appears to have been rising prior to 1997, but has subsequently decreased. Mefloquine sensitivity appears high across the provinces, especially along the north-western border with Myanmar and the eastern border with Cambodia. Finally, the data suggest that parasite sensitivity to artemisinin and its derivatives is significantly higher in provinces along the north-western border with Myanmar.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Parasite sensitivity to anti-malarials in Thailand is highly variable over time and largely mirrors official drug use policy. The findings with regard to reduced sensitivity to artemisinin derivatives are supported by recent reports of reduced parasite clearance associated with artemisinin. This trend is alarming since artemisinin is considered the last defence against malaria. Continued surveillance in Thailand, along with increased collaboration and surveillance across the entire Greater Mekong sub-region, is clearly warranted.</p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/290<it>Plasmodium falciparum</it>Drug resistanceArtemisininMefloquineThailandThe Greater Mekong subregion |
| spellingShingle | Parker Daniel Lerdprom Rujira Srisatjarak Wanna Yan Guiyun Sattabongkot Jetsumon Wood James Sirichaisinthop Jeeraphat Cui Liwang Longitudinal <it>in vitro</it> surveillance of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> sensitivity to common anti-malarials in Thailand between 1994 and 2010 Malaria Journal <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> Drug resistance Artemisinin Mefloquine Thailand The Greater Mekong subregion |
| title | Longitudinal <it>in vitro</it> surveillance of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> sensitivity to common anti-malarials in Thailand between 1994 and 2010 |
| title_full | Longitudinal <it>in vitro</it> surveillance of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> sensitivity to common anti-malarials in Thailand between 1994 and 2010 |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal <it>in vitro</it> surveillance of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> sensitivity to common anti-malarials in Thailand between 1994 and 2010 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal <it>in vitro</it> surveillance of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> sensitivity to common anti-malarials in Thailand between 1994 and 2010 |
| title_short | Longitudinal <it>in vitro</it> surveillance of <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> sensitivity to common anti-malarials in Thailand between 1994 and 2010 |
| title_sort | longitudinal it in vitro it surveillance of it plasmodium falciparum it sensitivity to common anti malarials in thailand between 1994 and 2010 |
| topic | <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> Drug resistance Artemisinin Mefloquine Thailand The Greater Mekong subregion |
| url | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/290 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT parkerdaniel longitudinalitinvitroitsurveillanceofitplasmodiumfalciparumitsensitivitytocommonantimalarialsinthailandbetween1994and2010 AT lerdpromrujira longitudinalitinvitroitsurveillanceofitplasmodiumfalciparumitsensitivitytocommonantimalarialsinthailandbetween1994and2010 AT srisatjarakwanna longitudinalitinvitroitsurveillanceofitplasmodiumfalciparumitsensitivitytocommonantimalarialsinthailandbetween1994and2010 AT yanguiyun longitudinalitinvitroitsurveillanceofitplasmodiumfalciparumitsensitivitytocommonantimalarialsinthailandbetween1994and2010 AT sattabongkotjetsumon longitudinalitinvitroitsurveillanceofitplasmodiumfalciparumitsensitivitytocommonantimalarialsinthailandbetween1994and2010 AT woodjames longitudinalitinvitroitsurveillanceofitplasmodiumfalciparumitsensitivitytocommonantimalarialsinthailandbetween1994and2010 AT sirichaisinthopjeeraphat longitudinalitinvitroitsurveillanceofitplasmodiumfalciparumitsensitivitytocommonantimalarialsinthailandbetween1994and2010 AT cuiliwang longitudinalitinvitroitsurveillanceofitplasmodiumfalciparumitsensitivitytocommonantimalarialsinthailandbetween1994and2010 |