Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
COVID-19 vaccines have been developed to confer immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Prior to the pandemic of COVID-19 which started in March 2020, there was a well-established understanding about the structure and pathogenesis of previously known Coronaviruses from the SARS and MERS outbreaks...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/7/1464 |
| _version_ | 1797433817858834432 |
|---|---|
| author | Navya Bellamkonda Upendra Pradeep Lambe Sonali Sawant Shyam Sundar Nandi Chiranjib Chakraborty Deepak Shukla |
| author_facet | Navya Bellamkonda Upendra Pradeep Lambe Sonali Sawant Shyam Sundar Nandi Chiranjib Chakraborty Deepak Shukla |
| author_sort | Navya Bellamkonda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | COVID-19 vaccines have been developed to confer immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Prior to the pandemic of COVID-19 which started in March 2020, there was a well-established understanding about the structure and pathogenesis of previously known Coronaviruses from the SARS and MERS outbreaks. In addition to this, vaccines for various Coronaviruses were available for veterinary use. This knowledge supported the creation of various vaccine platforms for SARS-CoV-2. Before COVID-19 there are no reports of a vaccine being developed in under a year and no vaccine for preventing coronavirus infection in humans had ever been developed. Approximately nine different technologies are being researched and developed at various levels in order to design an effective COVID-19 vaccine. As the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for generating substantial adaptive immune response, mostly all the vaccine candidates have been targeting the whole spike protein or epitopes of spike protein as a vaccine candidate. In this review, we have compiled the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and followed by the mechanism of action of various vaccine platforms such as mRNA vaccines, Adenoviral vectored vaccine, inactivated virus vaccines and subunit vaccines in the market. In the end we have also summarized the various adjuvants used in the COVID-19 vaccine formulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:22:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ae0cf3dc08640c7988cea8d621cfe0b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:22:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ae0cf3dc08640c7988cea8d621cfe0b2023-12-01T21:54:52ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-06-01107146410.3390/biomedicines10071464Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 VaccinesNavya Bellamkonda0Upendra Pradeep Lambe1Sonali Sawant2Shyam Sundar Nandi3Chiranjib Chakraborty4Deepak Shukla5Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USAICMR-NIV, Mumbai Unit, A. D. Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, IndiaICMR-NIV, Mumbai Unit, A. D. Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, IndiaICMR-NIV, Mumbai Unit, A. D. Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, IndiaSchool of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USACOVID-19 vaccines have been developed to confer immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Prior to the pandemic of COVID-19 which started in March 2020, there was a well-established understanding about the structure and pathogenesis of previously known Coronaviruses from the SARS and MERS outbreaks. In addition to this, vaccines for various Coronaviruses were available for veterinary use. This knowledge supported the creation of various vaccine platforms for SARS-CoV-2. Before COVID-19 there are no reports of a vaccine being developed in under a year and no vaccine for preventing coronavirus infection in humans had ever been developed. Approximately nine different technologies are being researched and developed at various levels in order to design an effective COVID-19 vaccine. As the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for generating substantial adaptive immune response, mostly all the vaccine candidates have been targeting the whole spike protein or epitopes of spike protein as a vaccine candidate. In this review, we have compiled the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and followed by the mechanism of action of various vaccine platforms such as mRNA vaccines, Adenoviral vectored vaccine, inactivated virus vaccines and subunit vaccines in the market. In the end we have also summarized the various adjuvants used in the COVID-19 vaccine formulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/7/1464COVID-19SARS-CoV-2mRNA vaccineadenoviral vectored vaccineinactivated vaccinesubunit vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Navya Bellamkonda Upendra Pradeep Lambe Sonali Sawant Shyam Sundar Nandi Chiranjib Chakraborty Deepak Shukla Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Biomedicines COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine adenoviral vectored vaccine inactivated vaccine subunit vaccine |
| title | Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines |
| title_full | Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines |
| title_fullStr | Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines |
| title_short | Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines |
| title_sort | immune response to sars cov 2 vaccines |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine adenoviral vectored vaccine inactivated vaccine subunit vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/7/1464 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT navyabellamkonda immuneresponsetosarscov2vaccines AT upendrapradeeplambe immuneresponsetosarscov2vaccines AT sonalisawant immuneresponsetosarscov2vaccines AT shyamsundarnandi immuneresponsetosarscov2vaccines AT chiranjibchakraborty immuneresponsetosarscov2vaccines AT deepakshukla immuneresponsetosarscov2vaccines |