Flow Inside the Sidewall Gaps of Hydraulic Machines: A Review

The paper critically reviews the current state of the art in flow inside sidewall gaps of hydraulic pumps and turbines. It describes the consequences of the presence of this type of flow in turbomachinery and then relates it to other physical phenomena that determine the behavior, operating characte...

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Main Authors: Lucie Zemanová, Pavel Rudolf
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-12-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/24/6617
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author Lucie Zemanová
Pavel Rudolf
author_facet Lucie Zemanová
Pavel Rudolf
author_sort Lucie Zemanová
collection DOAJ
description The paper critically reviews the current state of the art in flow inside sidewall gaps of hydraulic pumps and turbines. It describes the consequences of the presence of this type of flow in turbomachinery and then relates it to other physical phenomena that determine the behavior, operating characteristics, and overall performance of the machine. Despite the small dimensions of the rotor-stator spaces, the flow in these regions can significantly affect the overall flow field and, consequently, efficiency. The circulation of the fluid inside the gaps and secondary flow that is caused by rotating elements influences the disk friction losses, which is of great importance, especially in the case of low specific speed pumps and turbines. The flow pattern affects the pressure distribution inside a machine and, thus, generates axial thrust. The presence of secondary flow also significantly changes the rotordynamics and can bring about undesirable vibrations and acoustics issues. This article aims to review and summarize the studies that were conducted on the mentioned phenomena. Experimental and numerical studies are both taken into consideration. It proposes some requirements for prospective research in order to fill current gaps in the literature and reveals the upcoming challenges in the design of hydraulic machines.
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spelling doaj.art-6aef77e530d84831a0e89c65de9b4c242023-11-21T00:52:39ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-12-011324661710.3390/en13246617Flow Inside the Sidewall Gaps of Hydraulic Machines: A ReviewLucie Zemanová0Pavel Rudolf1Victor Kaplan Department of Fluid Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech RepublicVictor Kaplan Department of Fluid Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech RepublicThe paper critically reviews the current state of the art in flow inside sidewall gaps of hydraulic pumps and turbines. It describes the consequences of the presence of this type of flow in turbomachinery and then relates it to other physical phenomena that determine the behavior, operating characteristics, and overall performance of the machine. Despite the small dimensions of the rotor-stator spaces, the flow in these regions can significantly affect the overall flow field and, consequently, efficiency. The circulation of the fluid inside the gaps and secondary flow that is caused by rotating elements influences the disk friction losses, which is of great importance, especially in the case of low specific speed pumps and turbines. The flow pattern affects the pressure distribution inside a machine and, thus, generates axial thrust. The presence of secondary flow also significantly changes the rotordynamics and can bring about undesirable vibrations and acoustics issues. This article aims to review and summarize the studies that were conducted on the mentioned phenomena. Experimental and numerical studies are both taken into consideration. It proposes some requirements for prospective research in order to fill current gaps in the literature and reveals the upcoming challenges in the design of hydraulic machines.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/24/6617hydraulic machinespumpsturbinessidewall gap flowdisk frictionaxial thrust
spellingShingle Lucie Zemanová
Pavel Rudolf
Flow Inside the Sidewall Gaps of Hydraulic Machines: A Review
Energies
hydraulic machines
pumps
turbines
sidewall gap flow
disk friction
axial thrust
title Flow Inside the Sidewall Gaps of Hydraulic Machines: A Review
title_full Flow Inside the Sidewall Gaps of Hydraulic Machines: A Review
title_fullStr Flow Inside the Sidewall Gaps of Hydraulic Machines: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Flow Inside the Sidewall Gaps of Hydraulic Machines: A Review
title_short Flow Inside the Sidewall Gaps of Hydraulic Machines: A Review
title_sort flow inside the sidewall gaps of hydraulic machines a review
topic hydraulic machines
pumps
turbines
sidewall gap flow
disk friction
axial thrust
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/24/6617
work_keys_str_mv AT luciezemanova flowinsidethesidewallgapsofhydraulicmachinesareview
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