Defense Responses and Metabolic Changes Involving Phenylpropanoid Pathway and PR Genes in Squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) following <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> Infection
The current study focuses on the effects of <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> (CMV) infection on phytochemical changes and pathogenesis- and phenylpropanoid pathway-associated gene activities in squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) plants during a time course of 2 to 12 days post ino...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| author | Ahmed Abdelkhalek Lóránt Király Al-Naji A. Al-Mansori Hosny A. Younes Ahmed Zeid Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy Said I. Behiry |
| author_facet | Ahmed Abdelkhalek Lóránt Király Al-Naji A. Al-Mansori Hosny A. Younes Ahmed Zeid Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy Said I. Behiry |
| author_sort | Ahmed Abdelkhalek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current study focuses on the effects of <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> (CMV) infection on phytochemical changes and pathogenesis- and phenylpropanoid pathway-associated gene activities in squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) plants during a time course of 2 to 12 days post inoculation (dpi). The identity of the CMV isolate was confirmed by DAS-ELISA, TEM, and coat protein gene sequence. The CMV infection initially boosts and then suppresses transcript levels of the defense-related genes <i>PR-1, PR-2, PAL, HQT</i>, and <i>CHS</i> during the investigated time course compared to controls. The expression profile during the time-course study indicated that early, transient induction of <i>PR-1</i> occurs during CMV infection, while CMV induced the expression of <i>PR-2</i> in systemically infected squash tissues at all time points and suppressed the expression of <i>PAL</i> and <i>HQT</i> at 8-12 dpi. <i>CHS</i> transcript levels fluctuated between up- and down-regulation, but by 12 dpi, <i>CHS</i> expression reached its peak. The HPLC and GC–MS analyses of CMV-infected squash extracts revealed that different phenolic, flavonoid, and fatty acid compounds could be induced or suppressed upon CMV infection. In particular, CMV could suppress the synthesis of most phenolic compounds, specifically chlorogenic acid, possibly leading to the virus’s rapid spread. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:06:00Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:06:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-6afea45428704b8da4e361db436b8dc72023-12-03T12:54:38ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-07-011115190810.3390/plants11151908Defense Responses and Metabolic Changes Involving Phenylpropanoid Pathway and PR Genes in Squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) following <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> InfectionAhmed Abdelkhalek0Lóránt Király1Al-Naji A. Al-Mansori2Hosny A. Younes3Ahmed Zeid4Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy5Said I. Behiry6Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, EgyptCentre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, ELKH, 15 Herman Ottó Str., H-1022 Budapest, HungaryBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Derna University, Derna 417230, LibyaAgricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, EgyptAgricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, EgyptAgricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, EgyptAgricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, EgyptThe current study focuses on the effects of <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> (CMV) infection on phytochemical changes and pathogenesis- and phenylpropanoid pathway-associated gene activities in squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) plants during a time course of 2 to 12 days post inoculation (dpi). The identity of the CMV isolate was confirmed by DAS-ELISA, TEM, and coat protein gene sequence. The CMV infection initially boosts and then suppresses transcript levels of the defense-related genes <i>PR-1, PR-2, PAL, HQT</i>, and <i>CHS</i> during the investigated time course compared to controls. The expression profile during the time-course study indicated that early, transient induction of <i>PR-1</i> occurs during CMV infection, while CMV induced the expression of <i>PR-2</i> in systemically infected squash tissues at all time points and suppressed the expression of <i>PAL</i> and <i>HQT</i> at 8-12 dpi. <i>CHS</i> transcript levels fluctuated between up- and down-regulation, but by 12 dpi, <i>CHS</i> expression reached its peak. The HPLC and GC–MS analyses of CMV-infected squash extracts revealed that different phenolic, flavonoid, and fatty acid compounds could be induced or suppressed upon CMV infection. In particular, CMV could suppress the synthesis of most phenolic compounds, specifically chlorogenic acid, possibly leading to the virus’s rapid spread.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/15/1908plant virussquash<i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i>gene expressionGC–MSHPLC |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Abdelkhalek Lóránt Király Al-Naji A. Al-Mansori Hosny A. Younes Ahmed Zeid Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy Said I. Behiry Defense Responses and Metabolic Changes Involving Phenylpropanoid Pathway and PR Genes in Squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) following <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> Infection Plants plant virus squash <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> gene expression GC–MS HPLC |
| title | Defense Responses and Metabolic Changes Involving Phenylpropanoid Pathway and PR Genes in Squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) following <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> Infection |
| title_full | Defense Responses and Metabolic Changes Involving Phenylpropanoid Pathway and PR Genes in Squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) following <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> Infection |
| title_fullStr | Defense Responses and Metabolic Changes Involving Phenylpropanoid Pathway and PR Genes in Squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) following <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Defense Responses and Metabolic Changes Involving Phenylpropanoid Pathway and PR Genes in Squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) following <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> Infection |
| title_short | Defense Responses and Metabolic Changes Involving Phenylpropanoid Pathway and PR Genes in Squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) following <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> Infection |
| title_sort | defense responses and metabolic changes involving phenylpropanoid pathway and pr genes in squash i cucurbita pepo i l following i cucumber mosaic virus i infection |
| topic | plant virus squash <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> gene expression GC–MS HPLC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/15/1908 |
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