Spatiotemporal Change of Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta and Its Relation with EASM, ENSO, and PDO During the Period of 1960–2012
The Plum Rains process is a complex process, and its spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors on different time scales still need further study. Based on a dataset on the Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta, from 33 meteorological stations during the period of 1960 to 2012, we investigate...
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/10/5/258 |
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| author | Nina Zhu Jianhua Xu Kaiming Li Yang Luo Dongyang Yang Cheng Zhou |
| author_facet | Nina Zhu Jianhua Xu Kaiming Li Yang Luo Dongyang Yang Cheng Zhou |
| author_sort | Nina Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Plum Rains process is a complex process, and its spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors on different time scales still need further study. Based on a dataset on the Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta, from 33 meteorological stations during the period of 1960 to 2012, we investigated the spatiotemporal variations of Plum Rains and their relation with the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) using an integrated approach that combines ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), empirical orthogonal function (EOF), and correlation analysis. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) the plum rainfall (i.e., the rainfall during the period of Plum Rains) showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and it had a three-year and six-year cycle on the inter-annual scale and a 13-year and 33-year cycle on the inter-decadal scale. The effect of the onset and termination of Plum Rains and the daily intensity of plum rainfall on plum rainfall on the inter-annual scale was greater than the inter-decadal scale, (2) the EOF analysis of plum rainfall revealed a dominant basin-wide in-phase pattern (EOF1) and a north-south out-of-phase pattern (EOF2), and (3) ENSO and EASM were the main influencing factors in the three-year and six-year periods, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T02:10:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b0359c7bc454d3a911e08460bcee4fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T02:10:06Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b0359c7bc454d3a911e08460bcee4fc2022-12-21T18:03:48ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332019-05-0110525810.3390/atmos10050258atmos10050258Spatiotemporal Change of Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta and Its Relation with EASM, ENSO, and PDO During the Period of 1960–2012Nina Zhu0Jianhua Xu1Kaiming Li2Yang Luo3Dongyang Yang4Cheng Zhou5Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaSchool of Urban and Geography, Lanzhou City College, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaJianhu Data Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201700, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaFaculty of Tourism Management, Shanxi University of Finance & Economics, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaThe Plum Rains process is a complex process, and its spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors on different time scales still need further study. Based on a dataset on the Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta, from 33 meteorological stations during the period of 1960 to 2012, we investigated the spatiotemporal variations of Plum Rains and their relation with the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) using an integrated approach that combines ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), empirical orthogonal function (EOF), and correlation analysis. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) the plum rainfall (i.e., the rainfall during the period of Plum Rains) showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and it had a three-year and six-year cycle on the inter-annual scale and a 13-year and 33-year cycle on the inter-decadal scale. The effect of the onset and termination of Plum Rains and the daily intensity of plum rainfall on plum rainfall on the inter-annual scale was greater than the inter-decadal scale, (2) the EOF analysis of plum rainfall revealed a dominant basin-wide in-phase pattern (EOF1) and a north-south out-of-phase pattern (EOF2), and (3) ENSO and EASM were the main influencing factors in the three-year and six-year periods, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/10/5/258plum rainsensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)empirical orthogonal function (EOF)East Asian summer monsoonEl Niño-southern oscillationpacific decadal oscillationthe Yangtze River Deltamulti-time scales |
| spellingShingle | Nina Zhu Jianhua Xu Kaiming Li Yang Luo Dongyang Yang Cheng Zhou Spatiotemporal Change of Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta and Its Relation with EASM, ENSO, and PDO During the Period of 1960–2012 Atmosphere plum rains ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) empirical orthogonal function (EOF) East Asian summer monsoon El Niño-southern oscillation pacific decadal oscillation the Yangtze River Delta multi-time scales |
| title | Spatiotemporal Change of Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta and Its Relation with EASM, ENSO, and PDO During the Period of 1960–2012 |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal Change of Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta and Its Relation with EASM, ENSO, and PDO During the Period of 1960–2012 |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal Change of Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta and Its Relation with EASM, ENSO, and PDO During the Period of 1960–2012 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal Change of Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta and Its Relation with EASM, ENSO, and PDO During the Period of 1960–2012 |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal Change of Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta and Its Relation with EASM, ENSO, and PDO During the Period of 1960–2012 |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal change of plum rains in the yangtze river delta and its relation with easm enso and pdo during the period of 1960 2012 |
| topic | plum rains ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) empirical orthogonal function (EOF) East Asian summer monsoon El Niño-southern oscillation pacific decadal oscillation the Yangtze River Delta multi-time scales |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/10/5/258 |
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