Effects of Estrogens and Estrogenic Disrupting Compounds on Fish Mineralized Tissues
Estrogens play well-recognized roles in reproduction across vertebrates, but also intervene in a wide range of other physiological processes, including mineral homeostasis. Classical actions are triggered when estrogens bind and activate intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs), regulating the transcr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2014-08-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/8/4474 |
| _version_ | 1818040607090671616 |
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| author | Patricia I. S. Pinto Maria D. Estêvão Deborah M. Power |
| author_facet | Patricia I. S. Pinto Maria D. Estêvão Deborah M. Power |
| author_sort | Patricia I. S. Pinto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Estrogens play well-recognized roles in reproduction across vertebrates, but also intervene in a wide range of other physiological processes, including mineral homeostasis. Classical actions are triggered when estrogens bind and activate intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs), regulating the transcription of responsive genes, but rapid non-genomic actions initiated by binding to plasma membrane receptors were recently described. A wide range of structurally diverse compounds from natural and anthropogenic sources have been shown to interact with and disrupt the normal functions of the estrogen system, and fish are particularly vulnerable to endocrine disruption, as these compounds are frequently discharged or run-off into waterways. The effect of estrogen disruptors in fish has mainly been assessed in relation to reproductive endpoints, and relatively little attention has been given to other disruptive actions. This review will overview the actions of estrogens in fish, including ER isoforms, their expression, structure and mechanisms of action. The estrogen functions will be considered in relation to mineral homeostasis and actions on mineralized tissues. The impact of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds on fish mineralized tissues will be reviewed, and the potential adverse outcomes of exposure to such compounds will be discussed. Current lacunae in knowledge are highlighted along with future research priorities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:17:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b04d7e369c540a3bc4a55737529bcbd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:17:13Z |
| publishDate | 2014-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b04d7e369c540a3bc4a55737529bcbd2022-12-22T01:56:26ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972014-08-011284474449410.3390/md12084474md12084474Effects of Estrogens and Estrogenic Disrupting Compounds on Fish Mineralized TissuesPatricia I. S. Pinto0Maria D. Estêvão1Deborah M. Power2CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, PortugalCCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, PortugalCCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, PortugalEstrogens play well-recognized roles in reproduction across vertebrates, but also intervene in a wide range of other physiological processes, including mineral homeostasis. Classical actions are triggered when estrogens bind and activate intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs), regulating the transcription of responsive genes, but rapid non-genomic actions initiated by binding to plasma membrane receptors were recently described. A wide range of structurally diverse compounds from natural and anthropogenic sources have been shown to interact with and disrupt the normal functions of the estrogen system, and fish are particularly vulnerable to endocrine disruption, as these compounds are frequently discharged or run-off into waterways. The effect of estrogen disruptors in fish has mainly been assessed in relation to reproductive endpoints, and relatively little attention has been given to other disruptive actions. This review will overview the actions of estrogens in fish, including ER isoforms, their expression, structure and mechanisms of action. The estrogen functions will be considered in relation to mineral homeostasis and actions on mineralized tissues. The impact of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds on fish mineralized tissues will be reviewed, and the potential adverse outcomes of exposure to such compounds will be discussed. Current lacunae in knowledge are highlighted along with future research priorities.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/8/4474endocrine disrupting compoundsendocrine disruptionestrogen receptorfishmineralized tissues |
| spellingShingle | Patricia I. S. Pinto Maria D. Estêvão Deborah M. Power Effects of Estrogens and Estrogenic Disrupting Compounds on Fish Mineralized Tissues Marine Drugs endocrine disrupting compounds endocrine disruption estrogen receptor fish mineralized tissues |
| title | Effects of Estrogens and Estrogenic Disrupting Compounds on Fish Mineralized Tissues |
| title_full | Effects of Estrogens and Estrogenic Disrupting Compounds on Fish Mineralized Tissues |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Estrogens and Estrogenic Disrupting Compounds on Fish Mineralized Tissues |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Estrogens and Estrogenic Disrupting Compounds on Fish Mineralized Tissues |
| title_short | Effects of Estrogens and Estrogenic Disrupting Compounds on Fish Mineralized Tissues |
| title_sort | effects of estrogens and estrogenic disrupting compounds on fish mineralized tissues |
| topic | endocrine disrupting compounds endocrine disruption estrogen receptor fish mineralized tissues |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/8/4474 |
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