Enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors and Interacting Intracellular Genes in Tissue and Circulating Immune Cells
SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 and TMPRSS2 to gain entry into the cell. However, recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 may use additional host factors that are required for the viral lifecycle. Here we used publicly available datasets, CoV-associated genes, and machine learning algorithms to explore the S...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/9/1757 |
| _version_ | 1797516994661056512 |
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| author | Abhinandan Devaprasad Aridaman Pandit |
| author_facet | Abhinandan Devaprasad Aridaman Pandit |
| author_sort | Abhinandan Devaprasad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 and TMPRSS2 to gain entry into the cell. However, recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 may use additional host factors that are required for the viral lifecycle. Here we used publicly available datasets, CoV-associated genes, and machine learning algorithms to explore the SARS-CoV-2 interaction landscape in different tissues. We found that in general a small fraction of cells express ACE2 in the different tissues, including nasal, bronchi, and lungs. We show that a small fraction of immune cells (including T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells) found in tissues also express ACE2. We show that healthy circulating immune cells do not express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. However, a small fraction of circulating immune cells (including dendritic cells, monocytes, T cells) in the PBMC of COVID-19 patients express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Additionally, we found that a large spectrum of cells (in tissues and circulation) in both healthy and COVID-19-positive patients were significantly enriched for SARS-CoV-2 factors, such as those associated with RHOA and RAB GTPases, mRNA translation proteins, COPI- and COPII-mediated transport, and integrins. Thus, we propose that further research is needed to explore if SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect tissue and circulating immune cells to better understand the virus’ mechanism of action. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:08:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b0bb005c6f04f1ca00315ce412fd9f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:08:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b0bb005c6f04f1ca00315ce412fd9f62023-11-22T15:37:31ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-09-01139175710.3390/v13091757Enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors and Interacting Intracellular Genes in Tissue and Circulating Immune CellsAbhinandan Devaprasad0Aridaman Pandit1Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The NetherlandsCenter for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The NetherlandsSARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 and TMPRSS2 to gain entry into the cell. However, recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 may use additional host factors that are required for the viral lifecycle. Here we used publicly available datasets, CoV-associated genes, and machine learning algorithms to explore the SARS-CoV-2 interaction landscape in different tissues. We found that in general a small fraction of cells express ACE2 in the different tissues, including nasal, bronchi, and lungs. We show that a small fraction of immune cells (including T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells) found in tissues also express ACE2. We show that healthy circulating immune cells do not express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. However, a small fraction of circulating immune cells (including dendritic cells, monocytes, T cells) in the PBMC of COVID-19 patients express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Additionally, we found that a large spectrum of cells (in tissues and circulation) in both healthy and COVID-19-positive patients were significantly enriched for SARS-CoV-2 factors, such as those associated with RHOA and RAB GTPases, mRNA translation proteins, COPI- and COPII-mediated transport, and integrins. Thus, we propose that further research is needed to explore if SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect tissue and circulating immune cells to better understand the virus’ mechanism of action.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/9/1757SARS-CoV-2ACE2immune cellsgene enrichmentT cellsmacrophages |
| spellingShingle | Abhinandan Devaprasad Aridaman Pandit Enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors and Interacting Intracellular Genes in Tissue and Circulating Immune Cells Viruses SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 immune cells gene enrichment T cells macrophages |
| title | Enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors and Interacting Intracellular Genes in Tissue and Circulating Immune Cells |
| title_full | Enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors and Interacting Intracellular Genes in Tissue and Circulating Immune Cells |
| title_fullStr | Enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors and Interacting Intracellular Genes in Tissue and Circulating Immune Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors and Interacting Intracellular Genes in Tissue and Circulating Immune Cells |
| title_short | Enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors and Interacting Intracellular Genes in Tissue and Circulating Immune Cells |
| title_sort | enrichment of sars cov 2 entry factors and interacting intracellular genes in tissue and circulating immune cells |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 immune cells gene enrichment T cells macrophages |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/9/1757 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abhinandandevaprasad enrichmentofsarscov2entryfactorsandinteractingintracellulargenesintissueandcirculatingimmunecells AT aridamanpandit enrichmentofsarscov2entryfactorsandinteractingintracellulargenesintissueandcirculatingimmunecells |