Immersive Virtual Reality during Robot-Assisted Gait Training: Validation of a New Device in Stroke Rehabilitation
<i>Background and objective:</i> Duration of rehabilitation and active participation are crucial for gait rehabilitation in the early stage after stroke onset. Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative tool providing engaging and playful environments that could promote intrinsic motivation a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/12/1805 |
| _version_ | 1827637893960564736 |
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| author | Charles Morizio Maxence Compagnat Arnaud Boujut Ouiddad Labbani-Igbida Maxime Billot Anaick Perrochon |
| author_facet | Charles Morizio Maxence Compagnat Arnaud Boujut Ouiddad Labbani-Igbida Maxime Billot Anaick Perrochon |
| author_sort | Charles Morizio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and objective:</i> Duration of rehabilitation and active participation are crucial for gait rehabilitation in the early stage after stroke onset. Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative tool providing engaging and playful environments that could promote intrinsic motivation and higher active participation for non-ambulatory stroke patients when combined with robot-assisted gait training (RAGT). We have developed a new, fully immersive VR application for RAGT, which can be used with a head-mounted display and wearable sensors providing real-time gait motion in the virtual environment. The aim of this study was to validate the use of this new device and assess the onset of cybersickness in healthy participants before testing the device in stroke patients. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Thirty-seven healthy participants were included and performed two sessions of RAGT using a fully immersive VR device. They physically walked with the Gait Trainer for 20 min in a virtual forest environment. The occurrence of cybersickness, sense of presence, and usability of the device were assessed with three questionnaires: the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), the Presence Questionnaire (PQ), and the System Usability Scale (SUS). <i>Results:</i> All of the participants completed both sessions. Most of the participants (78.4%) had no significant adverse effects (SSQ < 5). The sense of presence in the virtual environment was particularly high (106.42 ± 9.46). Participants reported good usability of the device (86.08 ± 7.54). <i>Conclusions:</i> This study demonstrated the usability of our fully immersive VR device for gait rehabilitation and did not lead to cybersickness. Future studies should evaluate the same parameters and the effectiveness of this device with non-ambulatory stroke patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:07:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b15ec47e5574122bc2b320582d6be5a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:07:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b15ec47e5574122bc2b320582d6be5a2023-11-24T16:33:02ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442022-12-015812180510.3390/medicina58121805Immersive Virtual Reality during Robot-Assisted Gait Training: Validation of a New Device in Stroke RehabilitationCharles Morizio0Maxence Compagnat1Arnaud Boujut2Ouiddad Labbani-Igbida3Maxime Billot4Anaick Perrochon5HAVAE Laboratory, UR20217, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, FranceHAVAE Laboratory, UR20217, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, FranceHAVAE Laboratory, UR20217, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, FranceXLim Institute, UMR CNRS 7252, University of Limoges, F-87068 Limoges, FrancePRISMATICS Lab (Predictive Research in Spine/Neuromodulation Management and Thoracic Innovation/Cardiac Surgery), Poitiers University Hospital, F-86000 Poitiers, FranceHAVAE Laboratory, UR20217, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France<i>Background and objective:</i> Duration of rehabilitation and active participation are crucial for gait rehabilitation in the early stage after stroke onset. Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative tool providing engaging and playful environments that could promote intrinsic motivation and higher active participation for non-ambulatory stroke patients when combined with robot-assisted gait training (RAGT). We have developed a new, fully immersive VR application for RAGT, which can be used with a head-mounted display and wearable sensors providing real-time gait motion in the virtual environment. The aim of this study was to validate the use of this new device and assess the onset of cybersickness in healthy participants before testing the device in stroke patients. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Thirty-seven healthy participants were included and performed two sessions of RAGT using a fully immersive VR device. They physically walked with the Gait Trainer for 20 min in a virtual forest environment. The occurrence of cybersickness, sense of presence, and usability of the device were assessed with three questionnaires: the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), the Presence Questionnaire (PQ), and the System Usability Scale (SUS). <i>Results:</i> All of the participants completed both sessions. Most of the participants (78.4%) had no significant adverse effects (SSQ < 5). The sense of presence in the virtual environment was particularly high (106.42 ± 9.46). Participants reported good usability of the device (86.08 ± 7.54). <i>Conclusions:</i> This study demonstrated the usability of our fully immersive VR device for gait rehabilitation and did not lead to cybersickness. Future studies should evaluate the same parameters and the effectiveness of this device with non-ambulatory stroke patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/12/1805virtual realityhead-mounted displayrobot-assisted gait traininggait rehabilitationcybersickness |
| spellingShingle | Charles Morizio Maxence Compagnat Arnaud Boujut Ouiddad Labbani-Igbida Maxime Billot Anaick Perrochon Immersive Virtual Reality during Robot-Assisted Gait Training: Validation of a New Device in Stroke Rehabilitation Medicina virtual reality head-mounted display robot-assisted gait training gait rehabilitation cybersickness |
| title | Immersive Virtual Reality during Robot-Assisted Gait Training: Validation of a New Device in Stroke Rehabilitation |
| title_full | Immersive Virtual Reality during Robot-Assisted Gait Training: Validation of a New Device in Stroke Rehabilitation |
| title_fullStr | Immersive Virtual Reality during Robot-Assisted Gait Training: Validation of a New Device in Stroke Rehabilitation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immersive Virtual Reality during Robot-Assisted Gait Training: Validation of a New Device in Stroke Rehabilitation |
| title_short | Immersive Virtual Reality during Robot-Assisted Gait Training: Validation of a New Device in Stroke Rehabilitation |
| title_sort | immersive virtual reality during robot assisted gait training validation of a new device in stroke rehabilitation |
| topic | virtual reality head-mounted display robot-assisted gait training gait rehabilitation cybersickness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/12/1805 |
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