Antioxidant, Whitening, Antiwrinkle, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Ajuga spectabilis</i> Nakai Extract
Since ancient times, plants have been a good source of natural antioxidants. Plants remove active oxygen through antioxidants and contain various active ingredients. These active ingredients of plants are used to alleviate skin aging and chronic diseases. <em>Ajuga spectabilis </em>Nakai...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/1/79 |
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| author | Min Sung Lee Yu Jin Oh Jae Woo Kim Kyung Min Han Da Som Kim Ji Won Park Hyeok Mo Kim Dae Wook Kim Yeong-Su Kim |
| author_facet | Min Sung Lee Yu Jin Oh Jae Woo Kim Kyung Min Han Da Som Kim Ji Won Park Hyeok Mo Kim Dae Wook Kim Yeong-Su Kim |
| author_sort | Min Sung Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since ancient times, plants have been a good source of natural antioxidants. Plants remove active oxygen through antioxidants and contain various active ingredients. These active ingredients of plants are used to alleviate skin aging and chronic diseases. <em>Ajuga spectabilis </em>Nakai (AS) is a perennial plant, is endemic to Korea, and has the characteristics of alpine plants. The aim of this study was to assure the possibility of using AS as a functional natural and cosmetic material. For this, we carried out biologically activated material characteristic evaluations about antioxidant, wrinkle reduction, and anti-inflammatory effects using AS extract. To carry out this experiment, we extracted AS extract from AS water extract (AS-W) and AS 70% ethanol extract (AS-E). AS-E showed the highest DPPH activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. After, the measurement of metalloprotease (MMP)-1 inhibition effect showed the AS-W and AS-E activation at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. In addition, at the same concentration, from the result of the measurement of the biosynthesis quantity of pro-collagen type-1 we knew that its excellent effect appeared in AS-E (CCD-986sk). The inhibition of NO production in AS-W and AS-E was confirmed in LPS-induced mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. On cell viability, it was judged that AS-E had no toxicity because it showed a high cell viability at a high concentration, and it was used for the anti-inflammatory activity. Inhibition of NO production worked only in AS-E; inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 were suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner in AS-E. AS is believed to be used as a natural cosmetic material because it has been proven to have antioxidant, whitening, wrinkle-improving, and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the results indicate that AS extract can play an important role as a functional natural material and a cosmetic material for whitening, wrinkle reduction, and anti-inflammatory effect. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:02:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b1eb44421994c589f4981ec11aa3f70 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:02:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b1eb44421994c589f4981ec11aa3f702023-11-30T23:02:15ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-12-011217910.3390/plants12010079Antioxidant, Whitening, Antiwrinkle, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Ajuga spectabilis</i> Nakai ExtractMin Sung Lee0Yu Jin Oh1Jae Woo Kim2Kyung Min Han3Da Som Kim4Ji Won Park5Hyeok Mo Kim6Dae Wook Kim7Yeong-Su Kim8Division of Industrialization Research, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa-gun 36209, Republic of KoreaDivision of Industrialization Research, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa-gun 36209, Republic of KoreaDivision of Industrialization Research, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa-gun 36209, Republic of KoreaDivision of Industrialization Research, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa-gun 36209, Republic of KoreaDivision of Industrialization Research, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa-gun 36209, Republic of KoreaDivision of Industrialization Research, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa-gun 36209, Republic of KoreaDivision of Industrialization Research, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa-gun 36209, Republic of KoreaDivision of Industrialization Research, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa-gun 36209, Republic of KoreaDivision of Industrialization Research, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa-gun 36209, Republic of KoreaSince ancient times, plants have been a good source of natural antioxidants. Plants remove active oxygen through antioxidants and contain various active ingredients. These active ingredients of plants are used to alleviate skin aging and chronic diseases. <em>Ajuga spectabilis </em>Nakai (AS) is a perennial plant, is endemic to Korea, and has the characteristics of alpine plants. The aim of this study was to assure the possibility of using AS as a functional natural and cosmetic material. For this, we carried out biologically activated material characteristic evaluations about antioxidant, wrinkle reduction, and anti-inflammatory effects using AS extract. To carry out this experiment, we extracted AS extract from AS water extract (AS-W) and AS 70% ethanol extract (AS-E). AS-E showed the highest DPPH activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. After, the measurement of metalloprotease (MMP)-1 inhibition effect showed the AS-W and AS-E activation at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. In addition, at the same concentration, from the result of the measurement of the biosynthesis quantity of pro-collagen type-1 we knew that its excellent effect appeared in AS-E (CCD-986sk). The inhibition of NO production in AS-W and AS-E was confirmed in LPS-induced mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. On cell viability, it was judged that AS-E had no toxicity because it showed a high cell viability at a high concentration, and it was used for the anti-inflammatory activity. Inhibition of NO production worked only in AS-E; inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 were suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner in AS-E. AS is believed to be used as a natural cosmetic material because it has been proven to have antioxidant, whitening, wrinkle-improving, and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the results indicate that AS extract can play an important role as a functional natural material and a cosmetic material for whitening, wrinkle reduction, and anti-inflammatory effect.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/1/79endemic plantantioxidantanti-aginginflammatory cytokine<i>Ajuga spectabilis</i> Nakai |
| spellingShingle | Min Sung Lee Yu Jin Oh Jae Woo Kim Kyung Min Han Da Som Kim Ji Won Park Hyeok Mo Kim Dae Wook Kim Yeong-Su Kim Antioxidant, Whitening, Antiwrinkle, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Ajuga spectabilis</i> Nakai Extract Plants endemic plant antioxidant anti-aging inflammatory cytokine <i>Ajuga spectabilis</i> Nakai |
| title | Antioxidant, Whitening, Antiwrinkle, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Ajuga spectabilis</i> Nakai Extract |
| title_full | Antioxidant, Whitening, Antiwrinkle, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Ajuga spectabilis</i> Nakai Extract |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant, Whitening, Antiwrinkle, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Ajuga spectabilis</i> Nakai Extract |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant, Whitening, Antiwrinkle, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Ajuga spectabilis</i> Nakai Extract |
| title_short | Antioxidant, Whitening, Antiwrinkle, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Ajuga spectabilis</i> Nakai Extract |
| title_sort | antioxidant whitening antiwrinkle and anti inflammatory effect of i ajuga spectabilis i nakai extract |
| topic | endemic plant antioxidant anti-aging inflammatory cytokine <i>Ajuga spectabilis</i> Nakai |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/1/79 |
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