Distribution and risk appraisal of dissolved trace elements in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, Gandaki Province, Nepal
Abstract Contamination of the trace elements (TEs) in the freshwater ecosystems is becoming a worldwide problem. This study was carried out to investigate the TEs contamination, and their associated health risk in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, Gandaki Province, Nepal. A total of 30 water samples were c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2021-04-01
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| Series: | SN Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04516-5 |
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| author | Ramesh Raj Pant Kiran Bishwakarma Buddha Bahadur Basnet Khadka Bahadur Pal Laxmi Karki Yam Prasad Dhital Youb Raj Bhatta Bhoj Raj Pant Lal B. Thapa |
| author_facet | Ramesh Raj Pant Kiran Bishwakarma Buddha Bahadur Basnet Khadka Bahadur Pal Laxmi Karki Yam Prasad Dhital Youb Raj Bhatta Bhoj Raj Pant Lal B. Thapa |
| author_sort | Ramesh Raj Pant |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Contamination of the trace elements (TEs) in the freshwater ecosystems is becoming a worldwide problem. This study was carried out to investigate the TEs contamination, and their associated health risk in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, Gandaki Province, Nepal. A total of 30 water samples were collected from both lakes during the pre-monsoon season in 2016. The samples were analyzed for the TEs including copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), cesium (Cs), and arsenic (As) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results exhibited that the mean concentrations of all the TEs were higher in Rupa Lake as compared to Begnas Lake except Pb. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed that both the geogenic and anthropic sources were the major contributors of TEs in the lake water. Anthropic activities were considered to contribute the TEs like Zn and Mn in lake water mainly via agricultural runoff, while evaluating the risk of TEs on human health all the elements showed HQ < 1 and CR < 10−4 indicating currently very low health risk concerns. In good agreement with above, the water quality index (WQI) of the Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake was 2.67 and 5.66, respectively, specifying the lake water was safe for drinking and public health concern. This appraisal would help the policymakers and concerned stakeholders for the sustainable management of Ramsar listed freshwater lakes in the Himalayas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:15:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b22df25b18645df938993aa4721fdd6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2523-3963 2523-3971 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:15:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | SN Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b22df25b18645df938993aa4721fdd62022-12-21T23:31:15ZengSpringerSN Applied Sciences2523-39632523-39712021-04-013511310.1007/s42452-021-04516-5Distribution and risk appraisal of dissolved trace elements in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, Gandaki Province, NepalRamesh Raj Pant0Kiran Bishwakarma1Buddha Bahadur Basnet2Khadka Bahadur Pal3Laxmi Karki4Yam Prasad Dhital5Youb Raj Bhatta6Bhoj Raj Pant7Lal B. Thapa8Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan UniversityKey Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesFaculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and TechnologyTri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan UniversityCentral Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan UniversityInstitute of Eco-Chongmimg, Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China Normal UniversityCentral Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan UniversityFaculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and TechnologyCentral Department of Botany, Tribhuvan UniversityAbstract Contamination of the trace elements (TEs) in the freshwater ecosystems is becoming a worldwide problem. This study was carried out to investigate the TEs contamination, and their associated health risk in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, Gandaki Province, Nepal. A total of 30 water samples were collected from both lakes during the pre-monsoon season in 2016. The samples were analyzed for the TEs including copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), cesium (Cs), and arsenic (As) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results exhibited that the mean concentrations of all the TEs were higher in Rupa Lake as compared to Begnas Lake except Pb. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed that both the geogenic and anthropic sources were the major contributors of TEs in the lake water. Anthropic activities were considered to contribute the TEs like Zn and Mn in lake water mainly via agricultural runoff, while evaluating the risk of TEs on human health all the elements showed HQ < 1 and CR < 10−4 indicating currently very low health risk concerns. In good agreement with above, the water quality index (WQI) of the Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake was 2.67 and 5.66, respectively, specifying the lake water was safe for drinking and public health concern. This appraisal would help the policymakers and concerned stakeholders for the sustainable management of Ramsar listed freshwater lakes in the Himalayas.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04516-5Trace elementsWater qualityHealth risk assessmentHazard quotientGandaki ProvinceNepal |
| spellingShingle | Ramesh Raj Pant Kiran Bishwakarma Buddha Bahadur Basnet Khadka Bahadur Pal Laxmi Karki Yam Prasad Dhital Youb Raj Bhatta Bhoj Raj Pant Lal B. Thapa Distribution and risk appraisal of dissolved trace elements in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, Gandaki Province, Nepal SN Applied Sciences Trace elements Water quality Health risk assessment Hazard quotient Gandaki Province Nepal |
| title | Distribution and risk appraisal of dissolved trace elements in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, Gandaki Province, Nepal |
| title_full | Distribution and risk appraisal of dissolved trace elements in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, Gandaki Province, Nepal |
| title_fullStr | Distribution and risk appraisal of dissolved trace elements in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, Gandaki Province, Nepal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution and risk appraisal of dissolved trace elements in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, Gandaki Province, Nepal |
| title_short | Distribution and risk appraisal of dissolved trace elements in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, Gandaki Province, Nepal |
| title_sort | distribution and risk appraisal of dissolved trace elements in begnas lake and rupa lake gandaki province nepal |
| topic | Trace elements Water quality Health risk assessment Hazard quotient Gandaki Province Nepal |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04516-5 |
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