The Investigation of New Phosphate–Titanite Glasses According to Optical, Physical, and Shielding Properties
The melt-quenching approach was used to prepare phosphate–titanite glasses with the composition P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Na<sub>2</sub>O-CaO-8KF-CaCl<sub>2</sub>-xTiO<sub>2</sub> (where x = 2, 4, and 6) in a mol %. The optical, physical,...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/7/941 |
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| author | Khalid I. Hussein Mohammed S. Alqahtani Khloud J. Alzahrani Heba Y. Zahran Ali M. Alshehri Ibrahim S. Yahia Manuela Reben El Sayed Yousef |
| author_facet | Khalid I. Hussein Mohammed S. Alqahtani Khloud J. Alzahrani Heba Y. Zahran Ali M. Alshehri Ibrahim S. Yahia Manuela Reben El Sayed Yousef |
| author_sort | Khalid I. Hussein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The melt-quenching approach was used to prepare phosphate–titanite glasses with the composition P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Na<sub>2</sub>O-CaO-8KF-CaCl<sub>2</sub>-xTiO<sub>2</sub> (where x = 2, 4, and 6) in a mol %. The optical, physical, and shielding properties, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half-value layer (HVL), effective electron density (N<sub>eff</sub>), and effective atomic number (Z<sub>eff</sub>), of the glasses were investigated at energies ranging between 15 and 200 keV. The shielding parameters were investigated using recently developed software (MIKE). The optical properties were examined using devices such as UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy over wavelengths ranging between 190 and 2500 nm. The reported results showed that increasing the concentration of TiO<sub>2</sub> led to an increase in the density from 2.657 to 2.682 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and an increase in the OPD from 66.055 to 67.262 mol/L, while the molar volume (V<sub>M</sub>) and oxygen molar volume (V<sub>O</sub>) decreased from 39.21 to 39.101 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol and from 15.139 to 14.867 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, respectively. The energy gap was found to decrease from 3.403 to 3.279 eV when the TiO<sub>2</sub> concentration increased. Furthermore, as the surface plasmon resonance of TiO<sub>2</sub> increases, so does its third-order susceptibility, non-linear refractive indices, linear attenuation, and mass attenuation. The shielding performance evaluation indicates that the most suitable energy range is between 15 and 50 keV. Based on the results, the PCKNT3 glass sample exhibits the highest attenuation performance of all of the samples tested. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:20:17Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:20:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b26e10f8f5446c4852f96c45ca1ad372023-12-01T22:02:30ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522022-07-0112794110.3390/cryst12070941The Investigation of New Phosphate–Titanite Glasses According to Optical, Physical, and Shielding PropertiesKhalid I. Hussein0Mohammed S. Alqahtani1Khloud J. Alzahrani2Heba Y. Zahran3Ali M. Alshehri4Ibrahim S. Yahia5Manuela Reben6El Sayed Yousef7Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH–University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, PolandPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaThe melt-quenching approach was used to prepare phosphate–titanite glasses with the composition P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Na<sub>2</sub>O-CaO-8KF-CaCl<sub>2</sub>-xTiO<sub>2</sub> (where x = 2, 4, and 6) in a mol %. The optical, physical, and shielding properties, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half-value layer (HVL), effective electron density (N<sub>eff</sub>), and effective atomic number (Z<sub>eff</sub>), of the glasses were investigated at energies ranging between 15 and 200 keV. The shielding parameters were investigated using recently developed software (MIKE). The optical properties were examined using devices such as UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy over wavelengths ranging between 190 and 2500 nm. The reported results showed that increasing the concentration of TiO<sub>2</sub> led to an increase in the density from 2.657 to 2.682 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and an increase in the OPD from 66.055 to 67.262 mol/L, while the molar volume (V<sub>M</sub>) and oxygen molar volume (V<sub>O</sub>) decreased from 39.21 to 39.101 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol and from 15.139 to 14.867 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, respectively. The energy gap was found to decrease from 3.403 to 3.279 eV when the TiO<sub>2</sub> concentration increased. Furthermore, as the surface plasmon resonance of TiO<sub>2</sub> increases, so does its third-order susceptibility, non-linear refractive indices, linear attenuation, and mass attenuation. The shielding performance evaluation indicates that the most suitable energy range is between 15 and 50 keV. Based on the results, the PCKNT3 glass sample exhibits the highest attenuation performance of all of the samples tested.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/7/941phosphate–titanite glassesabsorbance spectraoptical energy gapthird-order susceptibilitynon-linear refractive indicesmass attenuation coefficient |
| spellingShingle | Khalid I. Hussein Mohammed S. Alqahtani Khloud J. Alzahrani Heba Y. Zahran Ali M. Alshehri Ibrahim S. Yahia Manuela Reben El Sayed Yousef The Investigation of New Phosphate–Titanite Glasses According to Optical, Physical, and Shielding Properties Crystals phosphate–titanite glasses absorbance spectra optical energy gap third-order susceptibility non-linear refractive indices mass attenuation coefficient |
| title | The Investigation of New Phosphate–Titanite Glasses According to Optical, Physical, and Shielding Properties |
| title_full | The Investigation of New Phosphate–Titanite Glasses According to Optical, Physical, and Shielding Properties |
| title_fullStr | The Investigation of New Phosphate–Titanite Glasses According to Optical, Physical, and Shielding Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Investigation of New Phosphate–Titanite Glasses According to Optical, Physical, and Shielding Properties |
| title_short | The Investigation of New Phosphate–Titanite Glasses According to Optical, Physical, and Shielding Properties |
| title_sort | investigation of new phosphate titanite glasses according to optical physical and shielding properties |
| topic | phosphate–titanite glasses absorbance spectra optical energy gap third-order susceptibility non-linear refractive indices mass attenuation coefficient |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/7/941 |
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