Minimising mortality in endangered raptors due to power lines: the importance of spatial aggregation to optimize the application of mitigation measures.
Electrocution by power lines is one of the main causes of non-natural mortality in birds of prey. In an area in central Spain, we surveyed 6304 pylons from 333 power lines to determine electrocution rates, environmental and design factors that may influence electrocution and the efficacy of mitigati...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2011-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3225394?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818863336606924800 |
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| author | Francisco Guil Mariana Fernández-Olalla Rubén Moreno-Opo Ignacio Mosqueda María Elena Gómez Antonio Aranda Angel Arredondo José Guzmán Javier Oria Luis Mariano González Antoni Margalida Antoni Margalida |
| author_facet | Francisco Guil Mariana Fernández-Olalla Rubén Moreno-Opo Ignacio Mosqueda María Elena Gómez Antonio Aranda Angel Arredondo José Guzmán Javier Oria Luis Mariano González Antoni Margalida Antoni Margalida |
| author_sort | Francisco Guil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electrocution by power lines is one of the main causes of non-natural mortality in birds of prey. In an area in central Spain, we surveyed 6304 pylons from 333 power lines to determine electrocution rates, environmental and design factors that may influence electrocution and the efficacy of mitigation measures used to minimise electrocution cases. A total of 952 electrocuted raptors, representing 14 different species, were observed. Electrocuted raptors were concentrated in certain areas and the environmental factors associated with increased electrocution events were: greater numbers of prey animals; greater vegetation cover; and shorter distance to roads. The structural elements associated with electrocutions were shorter strings of insulators, one or more phases over the crossarm, cross-shaped design and pylon function. Of the 952 carcasses found, 148 were eagles, including golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) and Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata). Electrocuted eagles were clustered in smaller areas than other electrocuted raptors. The factors associated with increased eagle electrocution events were: pylons function, shorter strings of insulators, higher slopes surrounding the pylon, and more numerous potential prey animals. Pylons with increased string of insulators had lower raptor electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, although this technique was unsuccessful for eagles. Pylons with cable insulation showed higher electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, both for raptors and eagles, despite this is the most widely used and recommended mitigation measure in several countries. To optimize the application of mitigation measures, our results recommend the substitution of pin-type insulators to suspended ones and elongating the strings of insulators. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:14:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b2e8d3984f240e584cd9b676fae18b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:14:09Z |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b2e8d3984f240e584cd9b676fae18b52022-12-21T20:26:17ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032011-01-01611e2821210.1371/journal.pone.0028212Minimising mortality in endangered raptors due to power lines: the importance of spatial aggregation to optimize the application of mitigation measures.Francisco GuilMariana Fernández-OlallaRubén Moreno-OpoIgnacio MosquedaMaría Elena GómezAntonio ArandaAngel ArredondoJosé GuzmánJavier OriaLuis Mariano GonzálezAntoni MargalidaAntoni MargalidaElectrocution by power lines is one of the main causes of non-natural mortality in birds of prey. In an area in central Spain, we surveyed 6304 pylons from 333 power lines to determine electrocution rates, environmental and design factors that may influence electrocution and the efficacy of mitigation measures used to minimise electrocution cases. A total of 952 electrocuted raptors, representing 14 different species, were observed. Electrocuted raptors were concentrated in certain areas and the environmental factors associated with increased electrocution events were: greater numbers of prey animals; greater vegetation cover; and shorter distance to roads. The structural elements associated with electrocutions were shorter strings of insulators, one or more phases over the crossarm, cross-shaped design and pylon function. Of the 952 carcasses found, 148 were eagles, including golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) and Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata). Electrocuted eagles were clustered in smaller areas than other electrocuted raptors. The factors associated with increased eagle electrocution events were: pylons function, shorter strings of insulators, higher slopes surrounding the pylon, and more numerous potential prey animals. Pylons with increased string of insulators had lower raptor electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, although this technique was unsuccessful for eagles. Pylons with cable insulation showed higher electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, both for raptors and eagles, despite this is the most widely used and recommended mitigation measure in several countries. To optimize the application of mitigation measures, our results recommend the substitution of pin-type insulators to suspended ones and elongating the strings of insulators.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3225394?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Francisco Guil Mariana Fernández-Olalla Rubén Moreno-Opo Ignacio Mosqueda María Elena Gómez Antonio Aranda Angel Arredondo José Guzmán Javier Oria Luis Mariano González Antoni Margalida Antoni Margalida Minimising mortality in endangered raptors due to power lines: the importance of spatial aggregation to optimize the application of mitigation measures. PLoS ONE |
| title | Minimising mortality in endangered raptors due to power lines: the importance of spatial aggregation to optimize the application of mitigation measures. |
| title_full | Minimising mortality in endangered raptors due to power lines: the importance of spatial aggregation to optimize the application of mitigation measures. |
| title_fullStr | Minimising mortality in endangered raptors due to power lines: the importance of spatial aggregation to optimize the application of mitigation measures. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Minimising mortality in endangered raptors due to power lines: the importance of spatial aggregation to optimize the application of mitigation measures. |
| title_short | Minimising mortality in endangered raptors due to power lines: the importance of spatial aggregation to optimize the application of mitigation measures. |
| title_sort | minimising mortality in endangered raptors due to power lines the importance of spatial aggregation to optimize the application of mitigation measures |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3225394?pdf=render |
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