Differential Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species and Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Melanocytes Correlate with Melanin Content: Implications on the Response to Solar UV and Melanoma Susceptibility
Constitutive pigmentation determines the response to sun exposure and the risk for melanoma, an oxidative stress–driven tumor. Using primary cultures of human melanocytes, we compared the effects of constitutive pigmentation on their antioxidant response to solar UV. The quantitation of eumelanin an...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/6/1204 |
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| author | Parth R. Upadhyay Renny J. Starner Viki B. Swope Kazumasa Wakamatsu Shosuke Ito Zalfa A. Abdel-Malek |
| author_facet | Parth R. Upadhyay Renny J. Starner Viki B. Swope Kazumasa Wakamatsu Shosuke Ito Zalfa A. Abdel-Malek |
| author_sort | Parth R. Upadhyay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Constitutive pigmentation determines the response to sun exposure and the risk for melanoma, an oxidative stress–driven tumor. Using primary cultures of human melanocytes, we compared the effects of constitutive pigmentation on their antioxidant response to solar UV. The quantitation of eumelanin and pheomelanin showed that the eumelanin content and eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio correlated inversely with the basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Irradiation with 7 J/cm<sup>2</sup> solar UV increased ROS generation without compromising melanocyte viability. Among the antioxidant enzymes tested, the basal levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and modifier subunit (GCLC and GCLM) correlated directly with the eumelanin and total melanin contents. The levels of HO-1 and GCLM decreased at 6 h but increased at 24 h post–solar UV. Consistent with the GCLC and GCLM levels, the basal glutathione (GSH) content was significantly lower in light than in dark melanocytes. The expression of <i>HMOX1</i>, <i>GCLC</i>, <i>GCLM</i>, and <i>CAT</i> did not correlate with the melanin content and was reduced 3 h after solar UV irradiation, particularly in lightly pigmented melanocytes. Solar UV increased p53 and lipid peroxidation, which correlated inversely with the eumelanin and total melanin contents. These intrinsic differences between light and dark melanocytes should determine their antioxidant response and melanoma risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:33:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b364469fc034ea895af20bbeb444237 |
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| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:33:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b364469fc034ea895af20bbeb4442372023-11-23T15:21:25ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-06-01116120410.3390/antiox11061204Differential Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species and Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Melanocytes Correlate with Melanin Content: Implications on the Response to Solar UV and Melanoma SusceptibilityParth R. Upadhyay0Renny J. Starner1Viki B. Swope2Kazumasa Wakamatsu3Shosuke Ito4Zalfa A. Abdel-Malek5Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USADepartment of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USADepartment of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USAInstitute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, JapanInstitute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, JapanDepartment of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USAConstitutive pigmentation determines the response to sun exposure and the risk for melanoma, an oxidative stress–driven tumor. Using primary cultures of human melanocytes, we compared the effects of constitutive pigmentation on their antioxidant response to solar UV. The quantitation of eumelanin and pheomelanin showed that the eumelanin content and eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio correlated inversely with the basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Irradiation with 7 J/cm<sup>2</sup> solar UV increased ROS generation without compromising melanocyte viability. Among the antioxidant enzymes tested, the basal levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and modifier subunit (GCLC and GCLM) correlated directly with the eumelanin and total melanin contents. The levels of HO-1 and GCLM decreased at 6 h but increased at 24 h post–solar UV. Consistent with the GCLC and GCLM levels, the basal glutathione (GSH) content was significantly lower in light than in dark melanocytes. The expression of <i>HMOX1</i>, <i>GCLC</i>, <i>GCLM</i>, and <i>CAT</i> did not correlate with the melanin content and was reduced 3 h after solar UV irradiation, particularly in lightly pigmented melanocytes. Solar UV increased p53 and lipid peroxidation, which correlated inversely with the eumelanin and total melanin contents. These intrinsic differences between light and dark melanocytes should determine their antioxidant response and melanoma risk.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/6/1204human melanocyteseumelaninpheomelaninsolar UVoxidative stressmelanoma risk |
| spellingShingle | Parth R. Upadhyay Renny J. Starner Viki B. Swope Kazumasa Wakamatsu Shosuke Ito Zalfa A. Abdel-Malek Differential Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species and Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Melanocytes Correlate with Melanin Content: Implications on the Response to Solar UV and Melanoma Susceptibility Antioxidants human melanocytes eumelanin pheomelanin solar UV oxidative stress melanoma risk |
| title | Differential Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species and Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Melanocytes Correlate with Melanin Content: Implications on the Response to Solar UV and Melanoma Susceptibility |
| title_full | Differential Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species and Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Melanocytes Correlate with Melanin Content: Implications on the Response to Solar UV and Melanoma Susceptibility |
| title_fullStr | Differential Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species and Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Melanocytes Correlate with Melanin Content: Implications on the Response to Solar UV and Melanoma Susceptibility |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species and Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Melanocytes Correlate with Melanin Content: Implications on the Response to Solar UV and Melanoma Susceptibility |
| title_short | Differential Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species and Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Melanocytes Correlate with Melanin Content: Implications on the Response to Solar UV and Melanoma Susceptibility |
| title_sort | differential induction of reactive oxygen species and expression of antioxidant enzymes in human melanocytes correlate with melanin content implications on the response to solar uv and melanoma susceptibility |
| topic | human melanocytes eumelanin pheomelanin solar UV oxidative stress melanoma risk |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/6/1204 |
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