Zinc Detoxification Is Required for Full Virulence and Modification of the Host Leaf Ionome by Xylella fastidiosa
Zinc (Zn) is an essential element for all forms of life because it is a structural or catalytic cofactor of many proteins, but it can have toxic effects at high concentrations; thus, microorganisms must tightly regulate its levels. Here, we evaluated the role of Zn homeostasis proteins in the virule...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The American Phytopathological Society
2015-04-01
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| Series: | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| Online Access: | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-07-14-0221-R |
| _version_ | 1811278052995366912 |
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| author | Fernando Navarrete Leonardo De La Fuente |
| author_facet | Fernando Navarrete Leonardo De La Fuente |
| author_sort | Fernando Navarrete |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zinc (Zn) is an essential element for all forms of life because it is a structural or catalytic cofactor of many proteins, but it can have toxic effects at high concentrations; thus, microorganisms must tightly regulate its levels. Here, we evaluated the role of Zn homeostasis proteins in the virulence of the xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, causal agent of Pierce’s disease of grapevine, among other diseases. Two mutants of X. fastidiosa ‘Temecula’ affected in genes which regulate Zn homeostasis (zur) and Zn detoxification (czcD) were constructed. Both knockouts showed increased sensitivity to Zn at physiologically relevant concentrations and increased intracellular accumulation of this metal compared with the wild type. Increased Zn sensitivity was correlated with decreased growth in grapevine xylem sap, reduced twitching motility, and downregulation of exopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes. Tobacco plants inoculated with either knockout mutant showed reduced foliar symptoms and a much reduced (czcD) or absent (zur) modification of the leaf ionome (i.e., the mineral nutrient and trace element composition), as well as reduced bacterial populations. The results show that detoxification of Zn is crucial for the virulence of X. fastidiosa and verifies our previous findings that modification of the host leaf ionome correlates with bacterial virulence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:28:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b3bb3a4b0c44b2a8c4aba3dc1cb41f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0894-0282 1943-7706 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:28:50Z |
| publishDate | 2015-04-01 |
| publisher | The American Phytopathological Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b3bb3a4b0c44b2a8c4aba3dc1cb41f52022-12-22T03:10:32ZengThe American Phytopathological SocietyMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions0894-02821943-77062015-04-0128449750710.1094/MPMI-07-14-0221-RZinc Detoxification Is Required for Full Virulence and Modification of the Host Leaf Ionome by Xylella fastidiosaFernando Navarrete0Leonardo De La Fuente1Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, U.S.A.Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, U.S.A.Zinc (Zn) is an essential element for all forms of life because it is a structural or catalytic cofactor of many proteins, but it can have toxic effects at high concentrations; thus, microorganisms must tightly regulate its levels. Here, we evaluated the role of Zn homeostasis proteins in the virulence of the xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, causal agent of Pierce’s disease of grapevine, among other diseases. Two mutants of X. fastidiosa ‘Temecula’ affected in genes which regulate Zn homeostasis (zur) and Zn detoxification (czcD) were constructed. Both knockouts showed increased sensitivity to Zn at physiologically relevant concentrations and increased intracellular accumulation of this metal compared with the wild type. Increased Zn sensitivity was correlated with decreased growth in grapevine xylem sap, reduced twitching motility, and downregulation of exopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes. Tobacco plants inoculated with either knockout mutant showed reduced foliar symptoms and a much reduced (czcD) or absent (zur) modification of the leaf ionome (i.e., the mineral nutrient and trace element composition), as well as reduced bacterial populations. The results show that detoxification of Zn is crucial for the virulence of X. fastidiosa and verifies our previous findings that modification of the host leaf ionome correlates with bacterial virulence.https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-07-14-0221-R |
| spellingShingle | Fernando Navarrete Leonardo De La Fuente Zinc Detoxification Is Required for Full Virulence and Modification of the Host Leaf Ionome by Xylella fastidiosa Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| title | Zinc Detoxification Is Required for Full Virulence and Modification of the Host Leaf Ionome by Xylella fastidiosa |
| title_full | Zinc Detoxification Is Required for Full Virulence and Modification of the Host Leaf Ionome by Xylella fastidiosa |
| title_fullStr | Zinc Detoxification Is Required for Full Virulence and Modification of the Host Leaf Ionome by Xylella fastidiosa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Zinc Detoxification Is Required for Full Virulence and Modification of the Host Leaf Ionome by Xylella fastidiosa |
| title_short | Zinc Detoxification Is Required for Full Virulence and Modification of the Host Leaf Ionome by Xylella fastidiosa |
| title_sort | zinc detoxification is required for full virulence and modification of the host leaf ionome by xylella fastidiosa |
| url | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-07-14-0221-R |
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