Combined analysis of inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites reveals the relationship between flower quality and maturity of Sophora japonica L.
Flos Sophorae (FS), or the dried flower buds of Sophora japonica L., is widely used as a food and medicinal material in China. The quality of S. japonica flowers varies with the developmental stages (S1–S5) of the plant. However, the relationship between FS quality and maturity remains unclear. Indu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1255637/full |
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| author | Tian-Wang Wang Tian-Wang Wang Jun Tan Jun Tan Long-Yun Li Long-Yun Li Yong Yang Xiao-Mei Zhang Ji-Rui Wang Ji-Rui Wang |
| author_facet | Tian-Wang Wang Tian-Wang Wang Jun Tan Jun Tan Long-Yun Li Long-Yun Li Yong Yang Xiao-Mei Zhang Ji-Rui Wang Ji-Rui Wang |
| author_sort | Tian-Wang Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flos Sophorae (FS), or the dried flower buds of Sophora japonica L., is widely used as a food and medicinal material in China. The quality of S. japonica flowers varies with the developmental stages (S1–S5) of the plant. However, the relationship between FS quality and maturity remains unclear. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q TRAP-MS/MS) were used to analyze inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites, respectively. A combined analysis of the inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites in FS was conducted to determine the patterns of FS quality formation. Sixteen inorganic elements and 173 flavonoid metabolites that accumulated at different developmental stages were identified. Notably, 54 flavonoid metabolites associated with the amelioration of major human diseases were identified, and Ca, P, K, Fe, and Cu were postulated to influence flavonoid metabolism and synthesis. This study offers a novel perspective and foundation for the further exploration of the rules governing the quality of plant materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:32:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b3e17d1d834404b863f1f63c0c11b6c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:32:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b3e17d1d834404b863f1f63c0c11b6c2023-11-18T10:07:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2023-11-011410.3389/fpls.2023.12556371255637Combined analysis of inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites reveals the relationship between flower quality and maturity of Sophora japonica L.Tian-Wang Wang0Tian-Wang Wang1Jun Tan2Jun Tan3Long-Yun Li4Long-Yun Li5Yong Yang6Xiao-Mei Zhang7Ji-Rui Wang8Ji-Rui Wang9Three Grade Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, ChinaChongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Chongqing, ChinaThree Grade Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, ChinaChongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Chongqing, ChinaThree Grade Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, ChinaChongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Chongqing, ChinaThree Grade Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, ChinaThree Grade Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, ChinaThree Grade Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, ChinaChongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Chongqing, ChinaFlos Sophorae (FS), or the dried flower buds of Sophora japonica L., is widely used as a food and medicinal material in China. The quality of S. japonica flowers varies with the developmental stages (S1–S5) of the plant. However, the relationship between FS quality and maturity remains unclear. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q TRAP-MS/MS) were used to analyze inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites, respectively. A combined analysis of the inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites in FS was conducted to determine the patterns of FS quality formation. Sixteen inorganic elements and 173 flavonoid metabolites that accumulated at different developmental stages were identified. Notably, 54 flavonoid metabolites associated with the amelioration of major human diseases were identified, and Ca, P, K, Fe, and Cu were postulated to influence flavonoid metabolism and synthesis. This study offers a novel perspective and foundation for the further exploration of the rules governing the quality of plant materials.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1255637/fullflavonoid metabolitesinorganic elementsmaturationquality changeSophora japonica |
| spellingShingle | Tian-Wang Wang Tian-Wang Wang Jun Tan Jun Tan Long-Yun Li Long-Yun Li Yong Yang Xiao-Mei Zhang Ji-Rui Wang Ji-Rui Wang Combined analysis of inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites reveals the relationship between flower quality and maturity of Sophora japonica L. Frontiers in Plant Science flavonoid metabolites inorganic elements maturation quality change Sophora japonica |
| title | Combined analysis of inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites reveals the relationship between flower quality and maturity of Sophora japonica L. |
| title_full | Combined analysis of inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites reveals the relationship between flower quality and maturity of Sophora japonica L. |
| title_fullStr | Combined analysis of inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites reveals the relationship between flower quality and maturity of Sophora japonica L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined analysis of inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites reveals the relationship between flower quality and maturity of Sophora japonica L. |
| title_short | Combined analysis of inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites reveals the relationship between flower quality and maturity of Sophora japonica L. |
| title_sort | combined analysis of inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites reveals the relationship between flower quality and maturity of sophora japonica l |
| topic | flavonoid metabolites inorganic elements maturation quality change Sophora japonica |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1255637/full |
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