The present-day and future impact of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from subsonic aircraft on the atmosphere in relation to the impact of NO<sub>x</sub> surface sources
The effect of present-day and future NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from aircraft on the NO<sub>x</sub> and ozone concentrations in the atmosphere and the corresponding radiative forcing were studied using a three-dimensional chemistry transport model (CTM) and a radiative model...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
1999-08-01
|
| Series: | Annales Geophysicae |
| Online Access: | https://www.ann-geophys.net/17/1064/1999/angeo-17-1064-1999.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811280415339577344 |
|---|---|
| author | P. J. M. Valks P. J. M. Valks G. J. M. Velders |
| author_facet | P. J. M. Valks P. J. M. Valks G. J. M. Velders |
| author_sort | P. J. M. Valks |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effect of present-day and future NO<sub>x</sub>
emissions from aircraft on the NO<sub>x</sub> and ozone concentrations in the
atmosphere and the corresponding radiative forcing were studied using a
three-dimensional chemistry transport model (CTM) and a radiative model. The
effects of the aircraft emissions were compared with the effects of the three
most important anthropogenic NO<sub>x</sub> surface sources: road traffic,
electricity generation and industrial combustion. From the model results, NO<sub>x</sub>
emissions from aircraft are seen to cause an increase in the NO<sub>x</sub> and
ozone concentrations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, and a
positive radiative forcing. For the reference year 1990, the aircraft emissions
result in an increase in the NO<sub>x</sub> concentration at 250 hPa of about 20
ppt in January and 50 ppt in July over the eastern USA, the North Atlantic
Flight Corridor and Western Europe, corresponding to a relative increase of
about 50%. The maximum increase in the ozone concentrations due to the aircraft
emissions is about 3-4 ppb in July over the northern mid-latitudes,
corresponding to a relative increase of about 3-4%. The aircraft-induced ozone
changes cause a global average radiative forcing of 0.025 W/m<sup>2</sup> in
July. According to the ANCAT projection for the year 2015, the aircraft NO<sub>x</sub>
emissions in that year will be 90% higher than in the year 1990. As a
consequence of this, the calculated NO<sub>x</sub> perturbation by aircraft
emissions increases by about 90% between 1990 and 2015, and the ozone
perturbation by about 50-70%. The global average radiative forcing due to the
aircraft-induced ozone changes increases by about 50% between 1990 and 2015. In
the year 2015, the effects of the aircraft emissions on the ozone burden and
radiative forcing are clearly larger than the individual effects of the NO<sub>x</sub>
surface sources. Taking chemical conversion in the aircraft plume into account
in the CTM explicitly, by means of modified aircraft NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, a
significant reduction of the aircraft-induced NO<sub>x</sub> and ozone
perturbations is realised. The NO<sub>x</sub> perturbation decreases by about
40% and the ozone perturbation by about 30% in July over Western Europe, the
eastern USA and the North Atlantic Flight Corridor.<br><br><b>Keywords.</b> Atmospheric composition and structure
(troposphere · composition and chemistry) · Meteorology and atmospheric
dynamics (radiative processes) |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:14:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b41a2de0d304f019b88df6535fc747d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0992-7689 1432-0576 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:14:29Z |
| publishDate | 1999-08-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annales Geophysicae |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b41a2de0d304f019b88df6535fc747d2022-12-22T03:09:00ZengCopernicus PublicationsAnnales Geophysicae0992-76891432-05761999-08-01171064107910.1007/s00585-999-1064-7The present-day and future impact of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from subsonic aircraft on the atmosphere in relation to the impact of NO<sub>x</sub> surface sourcesP. J. M. Valks0P. J. M. Valks1G. J. M. Velders2Present address: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, P O Box 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, The NetherlandsNational Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Air Research Laboratory, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The NetherlandsNational Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Air Research Laboratory, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The NetherlandsThe effect of present-day and future NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from aircraft on the NO<sub>x</sub> and ozone concentrations in the atmosphere and the corresponding radiative forcing were studied using a three-dimensional chemistry transport model (CTM) and a radiative model. The effects of the aircraft emissions were compared with the effects of the three most important anthropogenic NO<sub>x</sub> surface sources: road traffic, electricity generation and industrial combustion. From the model results, NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from aircraft are seen to cause an increase in the NO<sub>x</sub> and ozone concentrations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, and a positive radiative forcing. For the reference year 1990, the aircraft emissions result in an increase in the NO<sub>x</sub> concentration at 250 hPa of about 20 ppt in January and 50 ppt in July over the eastern USA, the North Atlantic Flight Corridor and Western Europe, corresponding to a relative increase of about 50%. The maximum increase in the ozone concentrations due to the aircraft emissions is about 3-4 ppb in July over the northern mid-latitudes, corresponding to a relative increase of about 3-4%. The aircraft-induced ozone changes cause a global average radiative forcing of 0.025 W/m<sup>2</sup> in July. According to the ANCAT projection for the year 2015, the aircraft NO<sub>x</sub> emissions in that year will be 90% higher than in the year 1990. As a consequence of this, the calculated NO<sub>x</sub> perturbation by aircraft emissions increases by about 90% between 1990 and 2015, and the ozone perturbation by about 50-70%. The global average radiative forcing due to the aircraft-induced ozone changes increases by about 50% between 1990 and 2015. In the year 2015, the effects of the aircraft emissions on the ozone burden and radiative forcing are clearly larger than the individual effects of the NO<sub>x</sub> surface sources. Taking chemical conversion in the aircraft plume into account in the CTM explicitly, by means of modified aircraft NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, a significant reduction of the aircraft-induced NO<sub>x</sub> and ozone perturbations is realised. The NO<sub>x</sub> perturbation decreases by about 40% and the ozone perturbation by about 30% in July over Western Europe, the eastern USA and the North Atlantic Flight Corridor.<br><br><b>Keywords.</b> Atmospheric composition and structure (troposphere · composition and chemistry) · Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (radiative processes)https://www.ann-geophys.net/17/1064/1999/angeo-17-1064-1999.pdf |
| spellingShingle | P. J. M. Valks P. J. M. Valks G. J. M. Velders The present-day and future impact of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from subsonic aircraft on the atmosphere in relation to the impact of NO<sub>x</sub> surface sources Annales Geophysicae |
| title | The present-day and future impact of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from subsonic aircraft on the atmosphere in relation to the impact of NO<sub>x</sub> surface sources |
| title_full | The present-day and future impact of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from subsonic aircraft on the atmosphere in relation to the impact of NO<sub>x</sub> surface sources |
| title_fullStr | The present-day and future impact of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from subsonic aircraft on the atmosphere in relation to the impact of NO<sub>x</sub> surface sources |
| title_full_unstemmed | The present-day and future impact of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from subsonic aircraft on the atmosphere in relation to the impact of NO<sub>x</sub> surface sources |
| title_short | The present-day and future impact of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from subsonic aircraft on the atmosphere in relation to the impact of NO<sub>x</sub> surface sources |
| title_sort | present day and future impact of no sub x sub emissions from subsonic aircraft on the atmosphere in relation to the impact of no sub x sub surface sources |
| url | https://www.ann-geophys.net/17/1064/1999/angeo-17-1064-1999.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pjmvalks thepresentdayandfutureimpactofnosubxsubemissionsfromsubsonicaircraftontheatmosphereinrelationtotheimpactofnosubxsubsurfacesources AT pjmvalks thepresentdayandfutureimpactofnosubxsubemissionsfromsubsonicaircraftontheatmosphereinrelationtotheimpactofnosubxsubsurfacesources AT gjmvelders thepresentdayandfutureimpactofnosubxsubemissionsfromsubsonicaircraftontheatmosphereinrelationtotheimpactofnosubxsubsurfacesources AT pjmvalks presentdayandfutureimpactofnosubxsubemissionsfromsubsonicaircraftontheatmosphereinrelationtotheimpactofnosubxsubsurfacesources AT pjmvalks presentdayandfutureimpactofnosubxsubemissionsfromsubsonicaircraftontheatmosphereinrelationtotheimpactofnosubxsubsurfacesources AT gjmvelders presentdayandfutureimpactofnosubxsubemissionsfromsubsonicaircraftontheatmosphereinrelationtotheimpactofnosubxsubsurfacesources |