Overcrowding and exposure to secondhand smoke increase risk for COVID-19 infection among Latinx families in the greater San Francisco Bay Area
Introduction Environmental risk factors, including community level pollution burden and exposure to smoking and secondhand smoke, have not been evaluated in relation to risk for infection with COVID-19 in high risk, urban Latinx families. Methods We evaluated risk factors for COVID-19 infection in...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
European Publishing
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Overcrowding-and-exposure-to-secondhand-smoke-increase-nrisk-for-COVID-19-infection,140827,0,2.html |
| _version_ | 1818349283580051456 |
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| author | Andrea DeCastro Mendez* Milagro Escobar* Maria Romero Janet M. Wojcicki |
| author_facet | Andrea DeCastro Mendez* Milagro Escobar* Maria Romero Janet M. Wojcicki |
| author_sort | Andrea DeCastro Mendez* |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction
Environmental risk factors, including community level pollution
burden and exposure to smoking and secondhand smoke, have not been evaluated
in relation to risk for infection with COVID-19 in high risk, urban Latinx families.
Methods
We evaluated risk factors for COVID-19 infection in three, preexisting,
longitudinal, Latinx family cohorts in the San Francisco Bay Area from May
through September 2020 (N=383 households, 1875 people). All households
were previously recruited before the pandemic. For the COVID-19 sub-study,
participants responded to a telephone interview where we assessed food
consumption patterns, housing and employment status, and history of COVID-19
infection. Secondhand smoke exposure was based on previously collected selfreported
data, and environmental pollution exposure was determined from census
tract residence. Non-parametric tests and multiple logistic regression were used
to assess independent predictors of COVID-19 infection.
Results
Larger household size increased risk for infection (OR=1.58; 95% CI:
1.12–2.23, p<0.01) as did increasing number of children in household (OR=3.79;
95% CI: 1.51–9.56). Any exposure to secondhand smoke was also associated with
increased risk for COVID infection (OR 4.69; 95% CI: 1.01–21.85) and having a
greater number of family members eating at home was protective against infection
(OR=0.10; 95% CI: 0.02–0.52, p<0.01).
Conclusions
Crowding, as indicated by larger household size, increases risk for
COVID-19 infection in Latinx families, as does exposure to secondhand smoke.
Public policy and health interventions need to ensure that multiunit residential
complexes do not allow exposure to secondhand smoke between units, that
individuals eat in the home environment, and that large households can safely
separate individuals exposed to COVID-19. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T18:03:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b5ce3b2759149bfb5f43b046665495a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1617-9625 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T18:03:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | European Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b5ce3b2759149bfb5f43b046665495a2022-12-21T23:36:08ZengEuropean PublishingTobacco Induced Diseases1617-96252021-10-0119October11110.18332/tid/140827140827Overcrowding and exposure to secondhand smoke increase risk for COVID-19 infection among Latinx families in the greater San Francisco Bay AreaAndrea DeCastro Mendez*0Milagro Escobar*1Maria Romero2Janet M. Wojcicki3Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United StatesDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United StatesDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United StatesDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United StatesIntroduction Environmental risk factors, including community level pollution burden and exposure to smoking and secondhand smoke, have not been evaluated in relation to risk for infection with COVID-19 in high risk, urban Latinx families. Methods We evaluated risk factors for COVID-19 infection in three, preexisting, longitudinal, Latinx family cohorts in the San Francisco Bay Area from May through September 2020 (N=383 households, 1875 people). All households were previously recruited before the pandemic. For the COVID-19 sub-study, participants responded to a telephone interview where we assessed food consumption patterns, housing and employment status, and history of COVID-19 infection. Secondhand smoke exposure was based on previously collected selfreported data, and environmental pollution exposure was determined from census tract residence. Non-parametric tests and multiple logistic regression were used to assess independent predictors of COVID-19 infection. Results Larger household size increased risk for infection (OR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.12–2.23, p<0.01) as did increasing number of children in household (OR=3.79; 95% CI: 1.51–9.56). Any exposure to secondhand smoke was also associated with increased risk for COVID infection (OR 4.69; 95% CI: 1.01–21.85) and having a greater number of family members eating at home was protective against infection (OR=0.10; 95% CI: 0.02–0.52, p<0.01). Conclusions Crowding, as indicated by larger household size, increases risk for COVID-19 infection in Latinx families, as does exposure to secondhand smoke. Public policy and health interventions need to ensure that multiunit residential complexes do not allow exposure to secondhand smoke between units, that individuals eat in the home environment, and that large households can safely separate individuals exposed to COVID-19.http://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Overcrowding-and-exposure-to-secondhand-smoke-increase-nrisk-for-COVID-19-infection,140827,0,2.htmlsecondhand smokecovid-19latinxnutrition |
| spellingShingle | Andrea DeCastro Mendez* Milagro Escobar* Maria Romero Janet M. Wojcicki Overcrowding and exposure to secondhand smoke increase risk for COVID-19 infection among Latinx families in the greater San Francisco Bay Area Tobacco Induced Diseases secondhand smoke covid-19 latinx nutrition |
| title | Overcrowding and exposure to secondhand smoke increase
risk for COVID-19 infection among Latinx families in the
greater San Francisco Bay Area |
| title_full | Overcrowding and exposure to secondhand smoke increase
risk for COVID-19 infection among Latinx families in the
greater San Francisco Bay Area |
| title_fullStr | Overcrowding and exposure to secondhand smoke increase
risk for COVID-19 infection among Latinx families in the
greater San Francisco Bay Area |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overcrowding and exposure to secondhand smoke increase
risk for COVID-19 infection among Latinx families in the
greater San Francisco Bay Area |
| title_short | Overcrowding and exposure to secondhand smoke increase
risk for COVID-19 infection among Latinx families in the
greater San Francisco Bay Area |
| title_sort | overcrowding and exposure to secondhand smoke increase risk for covid 19 infection among latinx families in the greater san francisco bay area |
| topic | secondhand smoke covid-19 latinx nutrition |
| url | http://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Overcrowding-and-exposure-to-secondhand-smoke-increase-nrisk-for-COVID-19-infection,140827,0,2.html |
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