Role of Heme Oxygenase in Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cells
The gastrointestinal tract is a unique organ containing both vascular and luminal routes lined by epithelial cells forming the mucosa, which play an important role in the entry of nutrients and act as a selective barrier, excluding potentially harmful agents. Mucosal surfaces establish a selective b...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/7/1323 |
| _version_ | 1797407705442287616 |
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| author | Reiko Akagi |
| author_facet | Reiko Akagi |
| author_sort | Reiko Akagi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gastrointestinal tract is a unique organ containing both vascular and luminal routes lined by epithelial cells forming the mucosa, which play an important role in the entry of nutrients and act as a selective barrier, excluding potentially harmful agents. Mucosal surfaces establish a selective barrier between hostile external environments and the internal milieu. Heme is a major nutritional source of iron and is a pro-oxidant that causes oxidative stress. Heme oxygenases (HOs) catalyze the rate-limiting step in heme degradation, resulting in the formation of iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin, which are subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. In gastrointestinal pathogenesis, HO-1, an inducible isoform of HO, is markedly induced in epithelial cells and plays an important role in protecting mucosal cells. Recent studies have focused on the biological effects of the products of this enzymatic reaction, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective functions. In this review, the essential roles of HO in the gastrointestinal tract are summarized, focusing on nutrient absorption, protection against cellular stresses, and the maintenance and regulation of tight junction proteins, emphasizing the potential therapeutic implications. The biochemical basis of the potential therapeutic implications of glutamine for HO-1 induction in gastrointestinal injury is also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:46:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b618a281f0241279211cae29931e615 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:46:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b618a281f0241279211cae29931e6152023-12-03T14:33:57ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-07-01117132310.3390/antiox11071323Role of Heme Oxygenase in Gastrointestinal Epithelial CellsReiko Akagi0Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, JapanThe gastrointestinal tract is a unique organ containing both vascular and luminal routes lined by epithelial cells forming the mucosa, which play an important role in the entry of nutrients and act as a selective barrier, excluding potentially harmful agents. Mucosal surfaces establish a selective barrier between hostile external environments and the internal milieu. Heme is a major nutritional source of iron and is a pro-oxidant that causes oxidative stress. Heme oxygenases (HOs) catalyze the rate-limiting step in heme degradation, resulting in the formation of iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin, which are subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. In gastrointestinal pathogenesis, HO-1, an inducible isoform of HO, is markedly induced in epithelial cells and plays an important role in protecting mucosal cells. Recent studies have focused on the biological effects of the products of this enzymatic reaction, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective functions. In this review, the essential roles of HO in the gastrointestinal tract are summarized, focusing on nutrient absorption, protection against cellular stresses, and the maintenance and regulation of tight junction proteins, emphasizing the potential therapeutic implications. The biochemical basis of the potential therapeutic implications of glutamine for HO-1 induction in gastrointestinal injury is also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/7/1323heme oxygenase-1heat shock protein 70carbon monoxidebilirubingastrointestinal epithelial cellbarrier function |
| spellingShingle | Reiko Akagi Role of Heme Oxygenase in Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cells Antioxidants heme oxygenase-1 heat shock protein 70 carbon monoxide bilirubin gastrointestinal epithelial cell barrier function |
| title | Role of Heme Oxygenase in Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cells |
| title_full | Role of Heme Oxygenase in Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cells |
| title_fullStr | Role of Heme Oxygenase in Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Heme Oxygenase in Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cells |
| title_short | Role of Heme Oxygenase in Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cells |
| title_sort | role of heme oxygenase in gastrointestinal epithelial cells |
| topic | heme oxygenase-1 heat shock protein 70 carbon monoxide bilirubin gastrointestinal epithelial cell barrier function |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/7/1323 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT reikoakagi roleofhemeoxygenaseingastrointestinalepithelialcells |