Fruit quality assessment based on mineral elements and juice properties in nine citrus cultivars
IntroductionCitrus fruit is considered a superfood due to its multiple nutritional functions and health benefits. Quantitative analysis of the numerous quality characteristics of citrus fruit is required to promote its sustainable production and industrial utilization. However, little information is...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1280495/full |
| _version_ | 1797447787959287808 |
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| author | Yiling Jiao Shuozhen Zhang Haitao Jin Yuwen Wang Yamin Jia Yamin Jia Hua Zhang Yuying Jiang Wenqiang Liao Li-Song Chen Jiuxin Guo |
| author_facet | Yiling Jiao Shuozhen Zhang Haitao Jin Yuwen Wang Yamin Jia Yamin Jia Hua Zhang Yuying Jiang Wenqiang Liao Li-Song Chen Jiuxin Guo |
| author_sort | Yiling Jiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionCitrus fruit is considered a superfood due to its multiple nutritional functions and health benefits. Quantitative analysis of the numerous quality characteristics of citrus fruit is required to promote its sustainable production and industrial utilization. However, little information is available on the comprehensive quality assessment of various fruit quality indicators in different citrus cultivars.MethodsA total of nine different fresh citrus fruits containing seeds were collected as the experimental materials. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the morphological and juice properties of citrus fruits, (ii) to measure the mineral elements in the peel, pulp, and seeds, and (iii) to evaluate the fruit quality index (FQI) using the integrated quality index (IQI) and the Nemoro quality index (NQI) methods.ResultsThere were significant differences in fruit quality characteristics, including morphological, mineral, and juice quality, among the investigated citrus cultivars. The proportion of pulp biomass was the highest, followed by that of peel and seeds. N and Cu had the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively, among the measured elements across all citrus fruits, and the amounts of N, P, Mg, Cu, and Zn in seeds, K and Al in pulp, and Ca, Fe, and Mn in peel were the highest, dramatically affecting the accumulation of minerals in the whole fruit and their distribution in various fruit parts. Additionally, Ningmeng fruits had the highest vitamin C and titratable acidity (TA) but the lowest total soluble solids (TSS) and total phenolic (TP) contents, resulting in the lowest TSS/TA and pH values. In contrast, Jinju fruits had the highest TSS and TP contents. Based on the mineral element and juice quality parameters, principal component analysis showed that the citrus fruits were well separated into four groups, and the dendrogram also showed four clusters with different distances. The FQI range based on the IQI method (FQIIQI) and NQI method (FQINQI) was 0.382-0.590 and 0.106-0.245, respectively, and a positive relationship between FQIIQI and FQINQI was observed.ConclusionOur results highlight the great differences in mineral and juice characteristics among fruit parts, which mediated fruit quality. The strategy of fruit quality assessment using the FQI can be expanded for targeted utilization in the citrus industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:01:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b6333ebd5374dbcbddcb37b0f4959e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:01:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b6333ebd5374dbcbddcb37b0f4959e82023-11-30T07:58:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2023-11-011410.3389/fpls.2023.12804951280495Fruit quality assessment based on mineral elements and juice properties in nine citrus cultivarsYiling Jiao0Shuozhen Zhang1Haitao Jin2Yuwen Wang3Yamin Jia4Yamin Jia5Hua Zhang6Yuying Jiang7Wenqiang Liao8Li-Song Chen9Jiuxin Guo10Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaForestry Science and Technology Test Center of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou, ChinaFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, ChinaStation of Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, ChinaStation of Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, ChinaStation of Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaIntroductionCitrus fruit is considered a superfood due to its multiple nutritional functions and health benefits. Quantitative analysis of the numerous quality characteristics of citrus fruit is required to promote its sustainable production and industrial utilization. However, little information is available on the comprehensive quality assessment of various fruit quality indicators in different citrus cultivars.MethodsA total of nine different fresh citrus fruits containing seeds were collected as the experimental materials. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the morphological and juice properties of citrus fruits, (ii) to measure the mineral elements in the peel, pulp, and seeds, and (iii) to evaluate the fruit quality index (FQI) using the integrated quality index (IQI) and the Nemoro quality index (NQI) methods.ResultsThere were significant differences in fruit quality characteristics, including morphological, mineral, and juice quality, among the investigated citrus cultivars. The proportion of pulp biomass was the highest, followed by that of peel and seeds. N and Cu had the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively, among the measured elements across all citrus fruits, and the amounts of N, P, Mg, Cu, and Zn in seeds, K and Al in pulp, and Ca, Fe, and Mn in peel were the highest, dramatically affecting the accumulation of minerals in the whole fruit and their distribution in various fruit parts. Additionally, Ningmeng fruits had the highest vitamin C and titratable acidity (TA) but the lowest total soluble solids (TSS) and total phenolic (TP) contents, resulting in the lowest TSS/TA and pH values. In contrast, Jinju fruits had the highest TSS and TP contents. Based on the mineral element and juice quality parameters, principal component analysis showed that the citrus fruits were well separated into four groups, and the dendrogram also showed four clusters with different distances. The FQI range based on the IQI method (FQIIQI) and NQI method (FQINQI) was 0.382-0.590 and 0.106-0.245, respectively, and a positive relationship between FQIIQI and FQINQI was observed.ConclusionOur results highlight the great differences in mineral and juice characteristics among fruit parts, which mediated fruit quality. The strategy of fruit quality assessment using the FQI can be expanded for targeted utilization in the citrus industry.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1280495/fullcitrus fruitsmineral characteristicsjuice propertiesfruit quality assessmentfruit quality index |
| spellingShingle | Yiling Jiao Shuozhen Zhang Haitao Jin Yuwen Wang Yamin Jia Yamin Jia Hua Zhang Yuying Jiang Wenqiang Liao Li-Song Chen Jiuxin Guo Fruit quality assessment based on mineral elements and juice properties in nine citrus cultivars Frontiers in Plant Science citrus fruits mineral characteristics juice properties fruit quality assessment fruit quality index |
| title | Fruit quality assessment based on mineral elements and juice properties in nine citrus cultivars |
| title_full | Fruit quality assessment based on mineral elements and juice properties in nine citrus cultivars |
| title_fullStr | Fruit quality assessment based on mineral elements and juice properties in nine citrus cultivars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fruit quality assessment based on mineral elements and juice properties in nine citrus cultivars |
| title_short | Fruit quality assessment based on mineral elements and juice properties in nine citrus cultivars |
| title_sort | fruit quality assessment based on mineral elements and juice properties in nine citrus cultivars |
| topic | citrus fruits mineral characteristics juice properties fruit quality assessment fruit quality index |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1280495/full |
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