Lithosphere Ionosphere Coupling Associated with Seismic Swarm in the Balkan Peninsula from ROB-TEC and GPS
With the rapid development of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and their increasingly wide range of applications in atmospheric science, total electron content (TEC) data are widely used in the theoretical study of layer coupling related to seismicity. This study detected and analyzed pre-...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4759 |
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| author | Lvquan Wei Junyu Li Lilong Liu Liangke Huang Dunyong Zheng Xiangyu Tian Ling Huang Lv Zhou Chao Ren Hongchang He |
| author_facet | Lvquan Wei Junyu Li Lilong Liu Liangke Huang Dunyong Zheng Xiangyu Tian Ling Huang Lv Zhou Chao Ren Hongchang He |
| author_sort | Lvquan Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the rapid development of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and their increasingly wide range of applications in atmospheric science, total electron content (TEC) data are widely used in the theoretical study of layer coupling related to seismicity. This study detected and analyzed pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies (PEIA) by using TEC data from the Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), and analyzed coseismic ionospheric disturbance (CID) with vertical TEC (VTEC) from the GPS stations in earthquake preparation areas. The results show that PEIA appear to increase continuously from 08:00–12:00 UT in the 3 days before a seismic swarm of Mw > 5.0. The ionosphere over the seismogenic zones exhibited large-scale anomalies when multiple seismogenic zones of the Balkan Peninsula spatially and temporally overlapped. Moreover, the TEC around the earthquake centers showed a positive anomaly lasting for 7 h. In a single seismogenic zone in Greece, the TEC around the earthquake center reached over +3.42 TECu. In addition, the CID observed from GPS stations shows that with the increase in the number of earthquakes, the ionosphere over the seismogenic area is more obviously disturbed, and after three strong earthquakes, TEC suddenly decreased over the seismogenic area and formed a phenomenon similar to an ionospheric hole. We conclude that a lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling mechanism existed before the seismic swarm appeared in the Balkan Peninsula. Earthquake-induced VTEC anomalies occurred more frequently within a 3–10 day window before the earthquake. This phenomenon is particularly evident when multiple seismogenic zones overlap spatiotemporally. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:13:59Z |
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| id | doaj.art-6b65778a8e834011a1d80d90f0c232ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:13:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b65778a8e834011a1d80d90f0c232ae2023-11-23T21:38:09ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-09-011419475910.3390/rs14194759Lithosphere Ionosphere Coupling Associated with Seismic Swarm in the Balkan Peninsula from ROB-TEC and GPSLvquan Wei0Junyu Li1Lilong Liu2Liangke Huang3Dunyong Zheng4Xiangyu Tian5Ling Huang6Lv Zhou7Chao Ren8Hongchang He9College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin 541004, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaWith the rapid development of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and their increasingly wide range of applications in atmospheric science, total electron content (TEC) data are widely used in the theoretical study of layer coupling related to seismicity. This study detected and analyzed pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies (PEIA) by using TEC data from the Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), and analyzed coseismic ionospheric disturbance (CID) with vertical TEC (VTEC) from the GPS stations in earthquake preparation areas. The results show that PEIA appear to increase continuously from 08:00–12:00 UT in the 3 days before a seismic swarm of Mw > 5.0. The ionosphere over the seismogenic zones exhibited large-scale anomalies when multiple seismogenic zones of the Balkan Peninsula spatially and temporally overlapped. Moreover, the TEC around the earthquake centers showed a positive anomaly lasting for 7 h. In a single seismogenic zone in Greece, the TEC around the earthquake center reached over +3.42 TECu. In addition, the CID observed from GPS stations shows that with the increase in the number of earthquakes, the ionosphere over the seismogenic area is more obviously disturbed, and after three strong earthquakes, TEC suddenly decreased over the seismogenic area and formed a phenomenon similar to an ionospheric hole. We conclude that a lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling mechanism existed before the seismic swarm appeared in the Balkan Peninsula. Earthquake-induced VTEC anomalies occurred more frequently within a 3–10 day window before the earthquake. This phenomenon is particularly evident when multiple seismogenic zones overlap spatiotemporally.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4759TECionosphereseismic swarmlithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere couplingCID |
| spellingShingle | Lvquan Wei Junyu Li Lilong Liu Liangke Huang Dunyong Zheng Xiangyu Tian Ling Huang Lv Zhou Chao Ren Hongchang He Lithosphere Ionosphere Coupling Associated with Seismic Swarm in the Balkan Peninsula from ROB-TEC and GPS Remote Sensing TEC ionosphere seismic swarm lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling CID |
| title | Lithosphere Ionosphere Coupling Associated with Seismic Swarm in the Balkan Peninsula from ROB-TEC and GPS |
| title_full | Lithosphere Ionosphere Coupling Associated with Seismic Swarm in the Balkan Peninsula from ROB-TEC and GPS |
| title_fullStr | Lithosphere Ionosphere Coupling Associated with Seismic Swarm in the Balkan Peninsula from ROB-TEC and GPS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lithosphere Ionosphere Coupling Associated with Seismic Swarm in the Balkan Peninsula from ROB-TEC and GPS |
| title_short | Lithosphere Ionosphere Coupling Associated with Seismic Swarm in the Balkan Peninsula from ROB-TEC and GPS |
| title_sort | lithosphere ionosphere coupling associated with seismic swarm in the balkan peninsula from rob tec and gps |
| topic | TEC ionosphere seismic swarm lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling CID |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4759 |
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