Ammonium–Amine Co-Activation: Promoting the Sulfurization of Azurite and Its Effect on Xanthate Adsorption
Enhanced sulfurization has always been the focus of research on the flotation of copper oxide minerals. In this study, combined ammonium–amine salts were innovatively applied to improve the sulfurization of azurite. Flotation tests were carried out to evaluate the promoting effect of ammonium–amine...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/21/7376 |
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| author | Chao Su Dianwen Liu Jinpeng Cai Peilun Shen |
| author_facet | Chao Su Dianwen Liu Jinpeng Cai Peilun Shen |
| author_sort | Chao Su |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Enhanced sulfurization has always been the focus of research on the flotation of copper oxide minerals. In this study, combined ammonium–amine salts were innovatively applied to improve the sulfurization of azurite. Flotation tests were carried out to evaluate the promoting effect of ammonium–amine co-activation on the sulfurization–xanthate flotation of azurite, and the microstructure evolution of sulfurized products was investigated to reveal the mechanism underlying this promoting effect. Compared with single ammonium (amine) salt activation, ammonium–amine co-activation improved the floatability of azurite to a greater extent, i.e., the flotation recovery increased by over 4 percentage points. ToF-SIMS, ICP-OES, FESEM-EDS, AFM, XRD, and UV-vis analyses indicated that ammonium–amine co-activation combined the advantages of inorganic ammonium for buffering pH and organic amine for copper ion complexation, thus promoting the growth of sulfurized crystal products (covellite) and enhancing the adhesion stability of sulfurized products on azurite. Therefore, increasing amounts of copper sulfide components were generated under the ammonium–amine–Na<sub>2</sub>S system, promoting the adsorption of additional xanthate on azurite. This study provides theoretical support for the application of combined ammonium–amine salts for the sulfurization flotation of copper oxide. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b6e3dbd712c49f68fa34ef5c0237324 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:24:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b6e3dbd712c49f68fa34ef5c02373242023-11-10T15:08:48ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-10-012821737610.3390/molecules28217376Ammonium–Amine Co-Activation: Promoting the Sulfurization of Azurite and Its Effect on Xanthate AdsorptionChao Su0Dianwen Liu1Jinpeng Cai2Peilun Shen3State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Metal Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Metal Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Metal Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Metal Resources, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaEnhanced sulfurization has always been the focus of research on the flotation of copper oxide minerals. In this study, combined ammonium–amine salts were innovatively applied to improve the sulfurization of azurite. Flotation tests were carried out to evaluate the promoting effect of ammonium–amine co-activation on the sulfurization–xanthate flotation of azurite, and the microstructure evolution of sulfurized products was investigated to reveal the mechanism underlying this promoting effect. Compared with single ammonium (amine) salt activation, ammonium–amine co-activation improved the floatability of azurite to a greater extent, i.e., the flotation recovery increased by over 4 percentage points. ToF-SIMS, ICP-OES, FESEM-EDS, AFM, XRD, and UV-vis analyses indicated that ammonium–amine co-activation combined the advantages of inorganic ammonium for buffering pH and organic amine for copper ion complexation, thus promoting the growth of sulfurized crystal products (covellite) and enhancing the adhesion stability of sulfurized products on azurite. Therefore, increasing amounts of copper sulfide components were generated under the ammonium–amine–Na<sub>2</sub>S system, promoting the adsorption of additional xanthate on azurite. This study provides theoretical support for the application of combined ammonium–amine salts for the sulfurization flotation of copper oxide.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/21/7376azuritesulfurization flotationammonium–amine co-activationsulfurized productsmicrostructure |
| spellingShingle | Chao Su Dianwen Liu Jinpeng Cai Peilun Shen Ammonium–Amine Co-Activation: Promoting the Sulfurization of Azurite and Its Effect on Xanthate Adsorption Molecules azurite sulfurization flotation ammonium–amine co-activation sulfurized products microstructure |
| title | Ammonium–Amine Co-Activation: Promoting the Sulfurization of Azurite and Its Effect on Xanthate Adsorption |
| title_full | Ammonium–Amine Co-Activation: Promoting the Sulfurization of Azurite and Its Effect on Xanthate Adsorption |
| title_fullStr | Ammonium–Amine Co-Activation: Promoting the Sulfurization of Azurite and Its Effect on Xanthate Adsorption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ammonium–Amine Co-Activation: Promoting the Sulfurization of Azurite and Its Effect on Xanthate Adsorption |
| title_short | Ammonium–Amine Co-Activation: Promoting the Sulfurization of Azurite and Its Effect on Xanthate Adsorption |
| title_sort | ammonium amine co activation promoting the sulfurization of azurite and its effect on xanthate adsorption |
| topic | azurite sulfurization flotation ammonium–amine co-activation sulfurized products microstructure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/21/7376 |
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