A Review on Fully Bio-Based Materials Development from Polylactide and Cellulose Nanowhiskers
This review covers the development of eco-friendly, bio-based materials based on polylactide (PLA) and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs). As a biodegradable polymer, PLA is one of the promising materials to replace petroleum-based polymers. In the field of nanocomposites, CNWs offer many advantages; the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/19/4009 |
| _version_ | 1797477320281292800 |
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| author | Purba Purnama Muhammad Samsuri Ihsan Iswaldi |
| author_facet | Purba Purnama Muhammad Samsuri Ihsan Iswaldi |
| author_sort | Purba Purnama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This review covers the development of eco-friendly, bio-based materials based on polylactide (PLA) and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs). As a biodegradable polymer, PLA is one of the promising materials to replace petroleum-based polymers. In the field of nanocomposites, CNWs offer many advantages; they are made from renewable resources and exhibit beneficial mechanical and thermal properties in combination with polymer matrix. A wide range of surface modifications has been done to improve the miscibility of CNW with the PLA homopolymer, which generally gives rise to hydrophobic properties. PLA–CNW nanocomposite materials are fully degradable and sustainable and also offer improved mechanical and thermal properties. Limitations pertaining to the miscibility of CNWs with PLA were solved through surface modification and chemical grafting on the CNW surfaces. Further development has been done by combining PLA-based material via stereocomplexation approaches in the presence of CNW particles, known as bio-stereo-nanocomposite PLA–CNW. The combination of stereocomplex crystalline structures in the presence of well-distributed CNW particles produces synergetic effects that enhance the mechanical and thermal properties, including stereocomplex memory (melt stability). The bio-based materials from PLA and CNWs may serve as eco-friendly materials owing to their sustainability (obtained from renewable resources), biodegradability, and tunability properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:15:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b6f9925ffbc4c95bf0b7015ff5c3729 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:15:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b6f9925ffbc4c95bf0b7015ff5c37292023-11-23T21:32:47ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-09-011419400910.3390/polym14194009A Review on Fully Bio-Based Materials Development from Polylactide and Cellulose NanowhiskersPurba Purnama0Muhammad Samsuri1Ihsan Iswaldi2School of Applied STEM, Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Tangerang 15339, Banten, IndonesiaChemical Engineering Department, Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, Bekasi 17121, West Java, IndonesiaSchool of Applied STEM, Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Tangerang 15339, Banten, IndonesiaThis review covers the development of eco-friendly, bio-based materials based on polylactide (PLA) and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs). As a biodegradable polymer, PLA is one of the promising materials to replace petroleum-based polymers. In the field of nanocomposites, CNWs offer many advantages; they are made from renewable resources and exhibit beneficial mechanical and thermal properties in combination with polymer matrix. A wide range of surface modifications has been done to improve the miscibility of CNW with the PLA homopolymer, which generally gives rise to hydrophobic properties. PLA–CNW nanocomposite materials are fully degradable and sustainable and also offer improved mechanical and thermal properties. Limitations pertaining to the miscibility of CNWs with PLA were solved through surface modification and chemical grafting on the CNW surfaces. Further development has been done by combining PLA-based material via stereocomplexation approaches in the presence of CNW particles, known as bio-stereo-nanocomposite PLA–CNW. The combination of stereocomplex crystalline structures in the presence of well-distributed CNW particles produces synergetic effects that enhance the mechanical and thermal properties, including stereocomplex memory (melt stability). The bio-based materials from PLA and CNWs may serve as eco-friendly materials owing to their sustainability (obtained from renewable resources), biodegradability, and tunability properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/19/4009polylactidecellulose nanowhiskersbiopolymernanocompositestereocomplexinterfacial compatibility |
| spellingShingle | Purba Purnama Muhammad Samsuri Ihsan Iswaldi A Review on Fully Bio-Based Materials Development from Polylactide and Cellulose Nanowhiskers Polymers polylactide cellulose nanowhiskers biopolymer nanocomposite stereocomplex interfacial compatibility |
| title | A Review on Fully Bio-Based Materials Development from Polylactide and Cellulose Nanowhiskers |
| title_full | A Review on Fully Bio-Based Materials Development from Polylactide and Cellulose Nanowhiskers |
| title_fullStr | A Review on Fully Bio-Based Materials Development from Polylactide and Cellulose Nanowhiskers |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review on Fully Bio-Based Materials Development from Polylactide and Cellulose Nanowhiskers |
| title_short | A Review on Fully Bio-Based Materials Development from Polylactide and Cellulose Nanowhiskers |
| title_sort | review on fully bio based materials development from polylactide and cellulose nanowhiskers |
| topic | polylactide cellulose nanowhiskers biopolymer nanocomposite stereocomplex interfacial compatibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/19/4009 |
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