Analysis of Parameters Influencing the Formation of Particles during the Braking Process: Experimental Approach
Knowing and understanding the parameters influencing the concentration of particles created by brake wear, as one of the main contributors to non-exhaust emissions from vehicles, is important for the further development of systems on vehicles to reduce the concentration of particles, and also for fu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/11/1618 |
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| author | Saša Vasiljević Jasna Glišović Jovanka Lukić Danijela Miloradović Milan Stanojević Milan Đorđević |
| author_facet | Saša Vasiljević Jasna Glišović Jovanka Lukić Danijela Miloradović Milan Stanojević Milan Đorđević |
| author_sort | Saša Vasiljević |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Knowing and understanding the parameters influencing the concentration of particles created by brake wear, as one of the main contributors to non-exhaust emissions from vehicles, is important for the further development of systems on vehicles to reduce the concentration of particles, and also for further research in the field of developing new friction pairs. In this research, a brake inertial dynamometer was used to measure brake particles, and four different brake pads were examined. Based on a previous review of the applied tests and driving cycles, the braking parameters were determined, i.e., the initial simulated speed of the vehicle, the load of one-quarter of the vehicle, and the brake pressure. The ambient temperature, air humidity, coefficient of friction between friction pairs, deceleration, and braking time can have an influence depending on the brake pad. Further, during the measurement, the temperatures of the brake pads were also measured, where the initial temperature of the brake pads was always the same. In order to process the data, several methods were used, including the presentation of the obtained results in a time domain, the application of the Taguchi design of the experiment with the analysis of the parameters, and a correlation analysis using the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. In this research, the authors concluded that the influences of the parameters primarily depend on the applied brake pads. The vehicle speed turned out to have a large influence in all cases, as did the load, i.e., the influence of the vehicle weight (indirectly through the kinetic energy of the vehicle). In this case, the pressure showed less influence on the particle concentration. An important braking parameter that has a significant impact on the concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> particles is the final temperature of the brake pads. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:02:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b816e5d572347a0aaf51e43de6c54fb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:02:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b816e5d572347a0aaf51e43de6c54fb2023-11-24T14:28:26ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-10-011411161810.3390/atmos14111618Analysis of Parameters Influencing the Formation of Particles during the Braking Process: Experimental ApproachSaša Vasiljević0Jasna Glišović1Jovanka Lukić2Danijela Miloradović3Milan Stanojević4Milan Đorđević5Department in Kragujevac, Academy of Professional Studies Šumadija, Kosovska 8, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaFaculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaFaculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaFaculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjić 6, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment in Kragujevac, Academy of Professional Studies Šumadija, Kosovska 8, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment in Kragujevac, Academy of Professional Studies Šumadija, Kosovska 8, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaKnowing and understanding the parameters influencing the concentration of particles created by brake wear, as one of the main contributors to non-exhaust emissions from vehicles, is important for the further development of systems on vehicles to reduce the concentration of particles, and also for further research in the field of developing new friction pairs. In this research, a brake inertial dynamometer was used to measure brake particles, and four different brake pads were examined. Based on a previous review of the applied tests and driving cycles, the braking parameters were determined, i.e., the initial simulated speed of the vehicle, the load of one-quarter of the vehicle, and the brake pressure. The ambient temperature, air humidity, coefficient of friction between friction pairs, deceleration, and braking time can have an influence depending on the brake pad. Further, during the measurement, the temperatures of the brake pads were also measured, where the initial temperature of the brake pads was always the same. In order to process the data, several methods were used, including the presentation of the obtained results in a time domain, the application of the Taguchi design of the experiment with the analysis of the parameters, and a correlation analysis using the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. In this research, the authors concluded that the influences of the parameters primarily depend on the applied brake pads. The vehicle speed turned out to have a large influence in all cases, as did the load, i.e., the influence of the vehicle weight (indirectly through the kinetic energy of the vehicle). In this case, the pressure showed less influence on the particle concentration. An important braking parameter that has a significant impact on the concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> particles is the final temperature of the brake pads.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/11/1618brake wearnon-exhaustemissionparticlesparameters |
| spellingShingle | Saša Vasiljević Jasna Glišović Jovanka Lukić Danijela Miloradović Milan Stanojević Milan Đorđević Analysis of Parameters Influencing the Formation of Particles during the Braking Process: Experimental Approach Atmosphere brake wear non-exhaust emission particles parameters |
| title | Analysis of Parameters Influencing the Formation of Particles during the Braking Process: Experimental Approach |
| title_full | Analysis of Parameters Influencing the Formation of Particles during the Braking Process: Experimental Approach |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Parameters Influencing the Formation of Particles during the Braking Process: Experimental Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Parameters Influencing the Formation of Particles during the Braking Process: Experimental Approach |
| title_short | Analysis of Parameters Influencing the Formation of Particles during the Braking Process: Experimental Approach |
| title_sort | analysis of parameters influencing the formation of particles during the braking process experimental approach |
| topic | brake wear non-exhaust emission particles parameters |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/11/1618 |
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