No Evidence of Association between Childhood Urban Environment and Cortical Thinning in Psychotic Disorder.
<label>BACKGROUND</label>The alterations in cortical morphology, such as cortical thinning, observed in psychotic disorder, may be the outcome of interacting genetic and environmental effects. It has been suggested that urban upbringing may represent a proxy environmental effect impactin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2017-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5207533?pdf=render |
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| author | Aleida Frissen Jim van Os Petra Habets Ed Gronenschild Machteld Marcelis Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (G.R.O.U.P.) |
| author_facet | Aleida Frissen Jim van Os Petra Habets Ed Gronenschild Machteld Marcelis Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (G.R.O.U.P.) |
| author_sort | Aleida Frissen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <label>BACKGROUND</label>The alterations in cortical morphology, such as cortical thinning, observed in psychotic disorder, may be the outcome of interacting genetic and environmental effects. It has been suggested that urban upbringing may represent a proxy environmental effect impacting cortical thickness (CT). Therefore, the current study examined whether the association between group as a proxy genetic variable (patients with psychotic disorder [high genetic risk], healthy siblings of patients [intermediate risk] and healthy control subjects [average risk]) and CT was conditional on different levels of the childhood urban environment and whether this was sex-dependent.<label>METHODS</label>T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 89 patients with a psychotic disorder, 95 non-psychotic siblings of patients with psychotic disorder and 87 healthy control subjects. Freesurfer software was used to measure CT. Developmental urban exposure was classified as low, medium, and high, reflecting the population density and the number of moves between birth and the 15th birthday, using data from the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics and the equivalent database in Belgium. Multilevel regression analyses were used to examine the association between group, sex, and urban upbringing (as well as their interactions) and cortical CT as the dependent variable.<label>RESULTS</label>CT was significantly smaller in the patient group compared to the controls (B = -0.043, p <0.001), but not in the siblings compared to the controls (B = -0.013, p = 0.31). There was no main effect of developmental urbanicity on CT (B = 0.001, p = 0.91). Neither the three-way group × urbanicity × sex interaction (χ2 = 3.73, p = 0.16), nor the two-way group × urbanicity interaction was significant (χ2 = 0.51, p = 0.77).<label>CONCLUSION</label>The negative association between (familial risk for) psychotic disorder and CT was not moderated by developmental urbanicity, suggesting that reduced CT is not the outcome of familial sensitivity to the proxy environmental factor 'urban upbringing'. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:48:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b9dffe7c9c844ee975f653dd5e6e8b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:48:39Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b9dffe7c9c844ee975f653dd5e6e8b02022-12-21T23:54:45ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032017-01-01121e016665110.1371/journal.pone.0166651No Evidence of Association between Childhood Urban Environment and Cortical Thinning in Psychotic Disorder.Aleida FrissenJim van OsPetra HabetsEd GronenschildMachteld MarcelisGenetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (G.R.O.U.P.)<label>BACKGROUND</label>The alterations in cortical morphology, such as cortical thinning, observed in psychotic disorder, may be the outcome of interacting genetic and environmental effects. It has been suggested that urban upbringing may represent a proxy environmental effect impacting cortical thickness (CT). Therefore, the current study examined whether the association between group as a proxy genetic variable (patients with psychotic disorder [high genetic risk], healthy siblings of patients [intermediate risk] and healthy control subjects [average risk]) and CT was conditional on different levels of the childhood urban environment and whether this was sex-dependent.<label>METHODS</label>T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 89 patients with a psychotic disorder, 95 non-psychotic siblings of patients with psychotic disorder and 87 healthy control subjects. Freesurfer software was used to measure CT. Developmental urban exposure was classified as low, medium, and high, reflecting the population density and the number of moves between birth and the 15th birthday, using data from the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics and the equivalent database in Belgium. Multilevel regression analyses were used to examine the association between group, sex, and urban upbringing (as well as their interactions) and cortical CT as the dependent variable.<label>RESULTS</label>CT was significantly smaller in the patient group compared to the controls (B = -0.043, p <0.001), but not in the siblings compared to the controls (B = -0.013, p = 0.31). There was no main effect of developmental urbanicity on CT (B = 0.001, p = 0.91). Neither the three-way group × urbanicity × sex interaction (χ2 = 3.73, p = 0.16), nor the two-way group × urbanicity interaction was significant (χ2 = 0.51, p = 0.77).<label>CONCLUSION</label>The negative association between (familial risk for) psychotic disorder and CT was not moderated by developmental urbanicity, suggesting that reduced CT is not the outcome of familial sensitivity to the proxy environmental factor 'urban upbringing'.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5207533?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Aleida Frissen Jim van Os Petra Habets Ed Gronenschild Machteld Marcelis Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (G.R.O.U.P.) No Evidence of Association between Childhood Urban Environment and Cortical Thinning in Psychotic Disorder. PLoS ONE |
| title | No Evidence of Association between Childhood Urban Environment and Cortical Thinning in Psychotic Disorder. |
| title_full | No Evidence of Association between Childhood Urban Environment and Cortical Thinning in Psychotic Disorder. |
| title_fullStr | No Evidence of Association between Childhood Urban Environment and Cortical Thinning in Psychotic Disorder. |
| title_full_unstemmed | No Evidence of Association between Childhood Urban Environment and Cortical Thinning in Psychotic Disorder. |
| title_short | No Evidence of Association between Childhood Urban Environment and Cortical Thinning in Psychotic Disorder. |
| title_sort | no evidence of association between childhood urban environment and cortical thinning in psychotic disorder |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5207533?pdf=render |
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