Acclimation to Ex Vitro Conditions in Ninebark
Acclimation is the final phase of micropropagation and often decisive for its economic output. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and supplementary light on acclimation and leaf anatomy of the in vitro-rooted plants of ninebark (<i>Physocarpus opulifol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/612 |
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| author | Katarzyna Jagiełło-Kubiec Karolina Nowakowska Aleksandra Józefina Łukaszewska Andrzej Pacholczak |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Jagiełło-Kubiec Karolina Nowakowska Aleksandra Józefina Łukaszewska Andrzej Pacholczak |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Jagiełło-Kubiec |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acclimation is the final phase of micropropagation and often decisive for its economic output. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and supplementary light on acclimation and leaf anatomy of the in vitro-rooted plants of ninebark (<i>Physocarpus opulifolius</i> L.). The initial material came from 8–10-week-old in vitro cultures on ½MS supplemented with 1 mg·L<sup>−1</sup> IBA. After potting, plantlets were sprayed with ABA solutions or distilled water and were grown either under natural daylight or under supplemental sodium light at 230 μmol·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> between 2 and 9 p.m. All measurements and anatomical observations were done after eight weeks in the greenhouse. Supplementary lighting significantly increased the percentage of acclimatized plants, plant height and the internode number. Plant growth was also positively affected by 1 mg·L<sup>−1</sup> ABA. During acclimation, the photosynthesis rate increased while the transpiration and stomatal conductance dropped. The assimilation pigment contents increased under supplemental lighting while ABA had no detectable effect. However, relative to water controls, ABA increased photosynthesis, reduced transpiration, and stomatal conductance in plants growing under both light conditions. Leaves from the in vitro plants were about two times thinner than those from plants growing in soil, with only a single layer of the palisade parenchyma, hence with lower proportion in relation to the spongy parenchyma. Supplementary light during acclimation increased leaf thickness but only in the water control while it decreased it in the ABA-treated plants. ABA increased the mesophyll thickness but only in plants growing under natural light. In conclusion, supplementary light and treatment with ABA enhance acclimation of micropropagated ninebark plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:57:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ba963583c3c494ab5c9b4c6cebb2659 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:57:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ba963583c3c494ab5c9b4c6cebb26592023-11-21T11:47:07ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-03-0111461210.3390/agronomy11040612Acclimation to Ex Vitro Conditions in NinebarkKatarzyna Jagiełło-Kubiec0Karolina Nowakowska1Aleksandra Józefina Łukaszewska2Andrzej Pacholczak3Section of Ornamental Plants, Faculty of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 166 Nowoursynowska str., 02-787 Warszawa, PolandSection of Ornamental Plants, Faculty of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 166 Nowoursynowska str., 02-787 Warszawa, PolandSection of Ornamental Plants, Faculty of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 166 Nowoursynowska str., 02-787 Warszawa, PolandSection of Ornamental Plants, Faculty of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 166 Nowoursynowska str., 02-787 Warszawa, PolandAcclimation is the final phase of micropropagation and often decisive for its economic output. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and supplementary light on acclimation and leaf anatomy of the in vitro-rooted plants of ninebark (<i>Physocarpus opulifolius</i> L.). The initial material came from 8–10-week-old in vitro cultures on ½MS supplemented with 1 mg·L<sup>−1</sup> IBA. After potting, plantlets were sprayed with ABA solutions or distilled water and were grown either under natural daylight or under supplemental sodium light at 230 μmol·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> between 2 and 9 p.m. All measurements and anatomical observations were done after eight weeks in the greenhouse. Supplementary lighting significantly increased the percentage of acclimatized plants, plant height and the internode number. Plant growth was also positively affected by 1 mg·L<sup>−1</sup> ABA. During acclimation, the photosynthesis rate increased while the transpiration and stomatal conductance dropped. The assimilation pigment contents increased under supplemental lighting while ABA had no detectable effect. However, relative to water controls, ABA increased photosynthesis, reduced transpiration, and stomatal conductance in plants growing under both light conditions. Leaves from the in vitro plants were about two times thinner than those from plants growing in soil, with only a single layer of the palisade parenchyma, hence with lower proportion in relation to the spongy parenchyma. Supplementary light during acclimation increased leaf thickness but only in the water control while it decreased it in the ABA-treated plants. ABA increased the mesophyll thickness but only in plants growing under natural light. In conclusion, supplementary light and treatment with ABA enhance acclimation of micropropagated ninebark plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/612leafy shrubsmicroplantsABAleaf anatomychlorophyllgas exchange |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Jagiełło-Kubiec Karolina Nowakowska Aleksandra Józefina Łukaszewska Andrzej Pacholczak Acclimation to Ex Vitro Conditions in Ninebark Agronomy leafy shrubs microplants ABA leaf anatomy chlorophyll gas exchange |
| title | Acclimation to Ex Vitro Conditions in Ninebark |
| title_full | Acclimation to Ex Vitro Conditions in Ninebark |
| title_fullStr | Acclimation to Ex Vitro Conditions in Ninebark |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acclimation to Ex Vitro Conditions in Ninebark |
| title_short | Acclimation to Ex Vitro Conditions in Ninebark |
| title_sort | acclimation to ex vitro conditions in ninebark |
| topic | leafy shrubs microplants ABA leaf anatomy chlorophyll gas exchange |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/612 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT katarzynajagiełłokubiec acclimationtoexvitroconditionsinninebark AT karolinanowakowska acclimationtoexvitroconditionsinninebark AT aleksandrajozefinałukaszewska acclimationtoexvitroconditionsinninebark AT andrzejpacholczak acclimationtoexvitroconditionsinninebark |