A comprehensive quality control study of Salix alba L. stem bark: DNA barcoding, HPLC & HPTLC-based quantification, GC–MS & LC–MS profiling, elemental content and in vitro medicinal activities
The stem bark of Salix alba (SA) is extensively used in herbal medicine and nutraceuticals. The non-availability of quality standard available for SA stem bark in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India (API) leads inability to trace adulteration. In the current study, quality standard of SA stem bark h...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Results in Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715624000407 |
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| author | Yashika Gandhi Vijay Kumar Sujeet K. Mishra Hemant Soni Akanksha Thakur Hemant Rawat Ravi Kumar Santosh K. Shakya Vaibhav Charde Jagdesh Chandra Arya Ch. Venkata Narasimhaji Ajay Kumar Meena Sapana A. Kondalkar Preeti Sharma Arjun Singh Ravindra Singh K.S. Dhiman Narayanam Srikanth Rabinarayan Acharya |
| author_facet | Yashika Gandhi Vijay Kumar Sujeet K. Mishra Hemant Soni Akanksha Thakur Hemant Rawat Ravi Kumar Santosh K. Shakya Vaibhav Charde Jagdesh Chandra Arya Ch. Venkata Narasimhaji Ajay Kumar Meena Sapana A. Kondalkar Preeti Sharma Arjun Singh Ravindra Singh K.S. Dhiman Narayanam Srikanth Rabinarayan Acharya |
| author_sort | Yashika Gandhi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The stem bark of Salix alba (SA) is extensively used in herbal medicine and nutraceuticals. The non-availability of quality standard available for SA stem bark in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India (API) leads inability to trace adulteration. In the current study, quality standard of SA stem bark has been developed in the interest of quality control, as per international standards including API parameters. The geographical changes could play a vital role in phytochemicals’ and nutrients’ variations. Hence, the samples from different geolocations and markets were analysed along with the cultivated plant sample. A comprehensive study including identification and authentication by DNA barcoding and pharmacognostic evaluation, physicochemical and phytochemical analysis by HPTLC was carried out. Moreover, a validated HPLC method was developed for the quantification of three phytochemicals (Salicin, Procyanidin B1 and Catechin) for the standardization of SA stem bark. The complete profiling of volatile metabolites and non-volatile metabolites was done by using GC–MS and LC-MS techniques, respectively. In ICP-OES based elemental analysis, heavy metals were observed below permissible limits, and SA stem bark has shown significant amount of essential metal ions like Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn. The observed total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) for all samples of SA stem bark ranged from 16.69 to 50.30 mg GAE/ g of wt. and 124.57 to 347.76 mg QCE/ g of wt., respectively. In DPPH assay, the observed IC50 values of SA stem bark ranged from 0.58 to 2.08 mg/mL. In antibacterial assay, SA stem bark has shown promising results against S. aureus and B. subtilis strains with inhibition zones of 20 ± 4 mm. Overall, this is first report comprising of advanced quality standard and detailed standardization of SA stem bark with quantification of three important phytochemicals by HPLC along with the quantification of essential metal ions and other in vitro assays. Moreover, the study revealed that the fresh stem bark sample may contain significant content of phytochemicals and antibacterial activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T06:55:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6bb89b68f05345b8830e53e5ff904174 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-7156 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T06:55:56Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-6bb89b68f05345b8830e53e5ff9041742024-02-03T06:35:37ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562024-01-017101344A comprehensive quality control study of Salix alba L. stem bark: DNA barcoding, HPLC & HPTLC-based quantification, GC–MS & LC–MS profiling, elemental content and in vitro medicinal activitiesYashika Gandhi0Vijay Kumar1Sujeet K. Mishra2Hemant Soni3Akanksha Thakur4Hemant Rawat5Ravi Kumar6Santosh K. Shakya7Vaibhav Charde8Jagdesh Chandra Arya9Ch. Venkata Narasimhaji10Ajay Kumar Meena11Sapana A. Kondalkar12Preeti Sharma13Arjun Singh14Ravindra Singh15K.S. Dhiman16Narayanam Srikanth17Rabinarayan Acharya18Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, IndiaCentral Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India; Corresponding authors.Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, IndiaCentral Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, IndiaCentral Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, IndiaCentral Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India; Corresponding authors.Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, IndiaCentral Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, IndiaCentral Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, IndiaCentral Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, IndiaCentral Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, IndiaRegional Ayurveda Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474001, IndiaRegional Ayurveda Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474001, IndiaCentral Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi 110058, IndiaCentral Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi 110058, IndiaCentral Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi 110058, IndiaCentral Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi 110058, IndiaCentral Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi 110058, IndiaCentral Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi 110058, IndiaThe stem bark of Salix alba (SA) is extensively used in herbal medicine and nutraceuticals. The non-availability of quality standard available for SA stem bark in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India (API) leads inability to trace adulteration. In the current study, quality standard of SA stem bark has been developed in the interest of quality control, as per international standards including API parameters. The geographical changes could play a vital role in phytochemicals’ and nutrients’ variations. Hence, the samples from different geolocations and markets were analysed along with the cultivated plant sample. A comprehensive study including identification and authentication by DNA barcoding and pharmacognostic evaluation, physicochemical and phytochemical analysis by HPTLC was carried out. Moreover, a validated HPLC method was developed for the quantification of three phytochemicals (Salicin, Procyanidin B1 and Catechin) for the standardization of SA stem bark. The complete profiling of volatile metabolites and non-volatile metabolites was done by using GC–MS and LC-MS techniques, respectively. In ICP-OES based elemental analysis, heavy metals were observed below permissible limits, and SA stem bark has shown significant amount of essential metal ions like Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn. The observed total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) for all samples of SA stem bark ranged from 16.69 to 50.30 mg GAE/ g of wt. and 124.57 to 347.76 mg QCE/ g of wt., respectively. In DPPH assay, the observed IC50 values of SA stem bark ranged from 0.58 to 2.08 mg/mL. In antibacterial assay, SA stem bark has shown promising results against S. aureus and B. subtilis strains with inhibition zones of 20 ± 4 mm. Overall, this is first report comprising of advanced quality standard and detailed standardization of SA stem bark with quantification of three important phytochemicals by HPLC along with the quantification of essential metal ions and other in vitro assays. Moreover, the study revealed that the fresh stem bark sample may contain significant content of phytochemicals and antibacterial activity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715624000407WillowSalicinProcyanidin B1CatechinSalix alba L. |
| spellingShingle | Yashika Gandhi Vijay Kumar Sujeet K. Mishra Hemant Soni Akanksha Thakur Hemant Rawat Ravi Kumar Santosh K. Shakya Vaibhav Charde Jagdesh Chandra Arya Ch. Venkata Narasimhaji Ajay Kumar Meena Sapana A. Kondalkar Preeti Sharma Arjun Singh Ravindra Singh K.S. Dhiman Narayanam Srikanth Rabinarayan Acharya A comprehensive quality control study of Salix alba L. stem bark: DNA barcoding, HPLC & HPTLC-based quantification, GC–MS & LC–MS profiling, elemental content and in vitro medicinal activities Results in Chemistry Willow Salicin Procyanidin B1 Catechin Salix alba L. |
| title | A comprehensive quality control study of Salix alba L. stem bark: DNA barcoding, HPLC & HPTLC-based quantification, GC–MS & LC–MS profiling, elemental content and in vitro medicinal activities |
| title_full | A comprehensive quality control study of Salix alba L. stem bark: DNA barcoding, HPLC & HPTLC-based quantification, GC–MS & LC–MS profiling, elemental content and in vitro medicinal activities |
| title_fullStr | A comprehensive quality control study of Salix alba L. stem bark: DNA barcoding, HPLC & HPTLC-based quantification, GC–MS & LC–MS profiling, elemental content and in vitro medicinal activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comprehensive quality control study of Salix alba L. stem bark: DNA barcoding, HPLC & HPTLC-based quantification, GC–MS & LC–MS profiling, elemental content and in vitro medicinal activities |
| title_short | A comprehensive quality control study of Salix alba L. stem bark: DNA barcoding, HPLC & HPTLC-based quantification, GC–MS & LC–MS profiling, elemental content and in vitro medicinal activities |
| title_sort | comprehensive quality control study of salix alba l stem bark dna barcoding hplc amp hptlc based quantification gc ms amp lc ms profiling elemental content and in vitro medicinal activities |
| topic | Willow Salicin Procyanidin B1 Catechin Salix alba L. |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715624000407 |
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