Cryptic Species Exist in <i>Vietnamella sinensis</i> Hsu, 1936 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Studies of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes
Ephemeroptera (Insecta: Pterygota) are widely distributed all over the world with more than 3500 species. During the last decade, the phylogenetic relationships within Ephemeroptera have been a hot topic of research, especially regarding the phylogenetic relationships among Vietnamellidae. In this s...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/5/412 |
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| author | Yao Tong Lian Wu Sam Pedro Galilee Ayivi Kenneth B. Storey Yue Ma Dan-Na Yu Jia-Yong Zhang |
| author_facet | Yao Tong Lian Wu Sam Pedro Galilee Ayivi Kenneth B. Storey Yue Ma Dan-Na Yu Jia-Yong Zhang |
| author_sort | Yao Tong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ephemeroptera (Insecta: Pterygota) are widely distributed all over the world with more than 3500 species. During the last decade, the phylogenetic relationships within Ephemeroptera have been a hot topic of research, especially regarding the phylogenetic relationships among Vietnamellidae. In this study, three mitochondrial genomes from three populations of <i>Vienamella sinensis</i> collected from Tonglu (<i>V. sinensis</i> TL), Chun’an (<i>V. sinensis</i> CN), and Qingyuan (<i>V. sinensis</i> QY) in Zhejiang Province, China were compared to discuss the potential existence of cryptic species. We also established their phylogenetic relationship by combining the mt genomes of 69 Ephemeroptera downloaded from NCBI. The mt genomes of <i>V. sinensis</i> TL, <i>V. sinensis</i> CN, and <i>V. sinensis</i> QY showed the same gene arrangement with lengths of 15,674 bp, 15,674 bp, and 15,610 bp, respectively. Comprehensive analyses of these three mt genomes revealed significant differences in mt genome organization, genetic distance, and divergence time. Our results showed that the specimens collected from Chun’an and Tonglu in Zhejiang Province, China belonged to <i>V. sinensis</i>, and the specimens collected from Qingyuan, Zhejiang Province, China were a cryptic species of <i>V. sinensis</i>. In maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic trees, the monophyly of the family Vietnamellidae was supported and Vietnamellidae has a close relationship with Ephemerellidae. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:41:30Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6bbc506e0a41425395d7d0157c9c4c832023-11-23T11:31:13ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-04-0113541210.3390/insects13050412Cryptic Species Exist in <i>Vietnamella sinensis</i> Hsu, 1936 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Studies of Complete Mitochondrial GenomesYao Tong0Lian Wu1Sam Pedro Galilee Ayivi2Kenneth B. Storey3Yue Ma4Dan-Na Yu5Jia-Yong Zhang6College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaDepartment of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S5B6, CanadaCollege of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaEphemeroptera (Insecta: Pterygota) are widely distributed all over the world with more than 3500 species. During the last decade, the phylogenetic relationships within Ephemeroptera have been a hot topic of research, especially regarding the phylogenetic relationships among Vietnamellidae. In this study, three mitochondrial genomes from three populations of <i>Vienamella sinensis</i> collected from Tonglu (<i>V. sinensis</i> TL), Chun’an (<i>V. sinensis</i> CN), and Qingyuan (<i>V. sinensis</i> QY) in Zhejiang Province, China were compared to discuss the potential existence of cryptic species. We also established their phylogenetic relationship by combining the mt genomes of 69 Ephemeroptera downloaded from NCBI. The mt genomes of <i>V. sinensis</i> TL, <i>V. sinensis</i> CN, and <i>V. sinensis</i> QY showed the same gene arrangement with lengths of 15,674 bp, 15,674 bp, and 15,610 bp, respectively. Comprehensive analyses of these three mt genomes revealed significant differences in mt genome organization, genetic distance, and divergence time. Our results showed that the specimens collected from Chun’an and Tonglu in Zhejiang Province, China belonged to <i>V. sinensis</i>, and the specimens collected from Qingyuan, Zhejiang Province, China were a cryptic species of <i>V. sinensis</i>. In maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic trees, the monophyly of the family Vietnamellidae was supported and Vietnamellidae has a close relationship with Ephemerellidae.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/5/412mitochondrial genomecryptic speciesphylogenetic relationshipdivergence time |
| spellingShingle | Yao Tong Lian Wu Sam Pedro Galilee Ayivi Kenneth B. Storey Yue Ma Dan-Na Yu Jia-Yong Zhang Cryptic Species Exist in <i>Vietnamella sinensis</i> Hsu, 1936 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Studies of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes Insects mitochondrial genome cryptic species phylogenetic relationship divergence time |
| title | Cryptic Species Exist in <i>Vietnamella sinensis</i> Hsu, 1936 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Studies of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes |
| title_full | Cryptic Species Exist in <i>Vietnamella sinensis</i> Hsu, 1936 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Studies of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes |
| title_fullStr | Cryptic Species Exist in <i>Vietnamella sinensis</i> Hsu, 1936 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Studies of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cryptic Species Exist in <i>Vietnamella sinensis</i> Hsu, 1936 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Studies of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes |
| title_short | Cryptic Species Exist in <i>Vietnamella sinensis</i> Hsu, 1936 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Studies of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes |
| title_sort | cryptic species exist in i vietnamella sinensis i hsu 1936 insecta ephemeroptera from studies of complete mitochondrial genomes |
| topic | mitochondrial genome cryptic species phylogenetic relationship divergence time |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/5/412 |
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