Cerium Niobate Hollow Sphere Engineered Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Synergistic Photothermal/Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have potential for various cancer treatments. However, they are still bound by the demands of Fenton reaction conditions such as oxygen dependence, inherent defects in common standard photosensitizers (P...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/6/954 |
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| author | Kayalvizhi Samuvel Muthiah Senthilkumar Thirumurugan Yu-Chien Lin Rajalakshmi Sakthivel Udesh Dhawan An-Ni Wang Michael Hsiao Ren-Jei Chung |
| author_facet | Kayalvizhi Samuvel Muthiah Senthilkumar Thirumurugan Yu-Chien Lin Rajalakshmi Sakthivel Udesh Dhawan An-Ni Wang Michael Hsiao Ren-Jei Chung |
| author_sort | Kayalvizhi Samuvel Muthiah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have potential for various cancer treatments. However, they are still bound by the demands of Fenton reaction conditions such as oxygen dependence, inherent defects in common standard photosensitizers (PSs), and the continuous availability of laser sources. Herein, we designed Ce<sub>3</sub>NbO<sub>7</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites (NCs) and investigated their ability to evaluate the performance of PTT/CDT synergistically to enhance cancer treatment. The activation of Ce<sub>3</sub>NbO<sub>7</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> NCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) causes the generation of cytotoxic ROS via the Fenton reaction. Additionally, the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in NCs absorbs NIR, generating hyperthermia in the TME. The photothermal conversion efficiency (ƞ) of the Ce<sub>3</sub>NbO<sub>7</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> NCs was found to be 49.5%. A photocatalytic reaction with PTT-enhanced Fenton reagents, without consuming additional photothermal agents (PTA) or Fenton reagents, generates the hydroxyl radical (OH•) primarily by direct electron transfer in the TME. Almost 68% of cells experienced programmed cell death due to the combinational effect (PTT/CDT), making it an efficient and biocompatible therapy. Furthermore, this work provides a basis for developing numerous innovative materials that can be used to treat cancer, overcome general limitations, and enhance ROS production under single-wavelength (808 nm) laser irradiation. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:35:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6bca77e14cde4ed09df0954101957a0e2023-11-18T09:57:04ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522023-06-0113695410.3390/cryst13060954Cerium Niobate Hollow Sphere Engineered Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Synergistic Photothermal/Chemodynamic Cancer TherapyKayalvizhi Samuvel Muthiah0Senthilkumar Thirumurugan1Yu-Chien Lin2Rajalakshmi Sakthivel3Udesh Dhawan4An-Ni Wang5Michael Hsiao6Ren-Jei Chung7Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 106, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 106, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 106, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 106, TaiwanCentre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G116EW, UKScrona AG, Grubenstrasse 9, 8045 Zürich, SwitzerlandGenomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 106, TaiwanReactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have potential for various cancer treatments. However, they are still bound by the demands of Fenton reaction conditions such as oxygen dependence, inherent defects in common standard photosensitizers (PSs), and the continuous availability of laser sources. Herein, we designed Ce<sub>3</sub>NbO<sub>7</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites (NCs) and investigated their ability to evaluate the performance of PTT/CDT synergistically to enhance cancer treatment. The activation of Ce<sub>3</sub>NbO<sub>7</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> NCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) causes the generation of cytotoxic ROS via the Fenton reaction. Additionally, the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in NCs absorbs NIR, generating hyperthermia in the TME. The photothermal conversion efficiency (ƞ) of the Ce<sub>3</sub>NbO<sub>7</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> NCs was found to be 49.5%. A photocatalytic reaction with PTT-enhanced Fenton reagents, without consuming additional photothermal agents (PTA) or Fenton reagents, generates the hydroxyl radical (OH•) primarily by direct electron transfer in the TME. Almost 68% of cells experienced programmed cell death due to the combinational effect (PTT/CDT), making it an efficient and biocompatible therapy. Furthermore, this work provides a basis for developing numerous innovative materials that can be used to treat cancer, overcome general limitations, and enhance ROS production under single-wavelength (808 nm) laser irradiation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/6/954chemodynamic therapyphotothermal therapytumor microenvironmentFenton reaction |
| spellingShingle | Kayalvizhi Samuvel Muthiah Senthilkumar Thirumurugan Yu-Chien Lin Rajalakshmi Sakthivel Udesh Dhawan An-Ni Wang Michael Hsiao Ren-Jei Chung Cerium Niobate Hollow Sphere Engineered Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Synergistic Photothermal/Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy Crystals chemodynamic therapy photothermal therapy tumor microenvironment Fenton reaction |
| title | Cerium Niobate Hollow Sphere Engineered Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Synergistic Photothermal/Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy |
| title_full | Cerium Niobate Hollow Sphere Engineered Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Synergistic Photothermal/Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Cerium Niobate Hollow Sphere Engineered Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Synergistic Photothermal/Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cerium Niobate Hollow Sphere Engineered Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Synergistic Photothermal/Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy |
| title_short | Cerium Niobate Hollow Sphere Engineered Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Synergistic Photothermal/Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy |
| title_sort | cerium niobate hollow sphere engineered graphitic carbon nitride for synergistic photothermal chemodynamic cancer therapy |
| topic | chemodynamic therapy photothermal therapy tumor microenvironment Fenton reaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/6/954 |
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