Groundwaters in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France: Grouping Homogeneous Groundwater Bodies for Optimized Monitoring and Protection
The number and diversity of groundwater bodies (GWBs) in large French administrative regions pose challenges to their monitoring and protection by regional health agencies. To overcome this obstacle, we propose, for the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region (about 70,000 km<sup>2</sup>), a groupin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/6/869 |
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| author | Meryem Ayach Hajar Lazar Christel Lamat Abderrahim Bousouis Meryem Touzani Youssouf El Jarjini Ilias Kacimi Vincent Valles Laurent Barbiero Moad Morarech |
| author_facet | Meryem Ayach Hajar Lazar Christel Lamat Abderrahim Bousouis Meryem Touzani Youssouf El Jarjini Ilias Kacimi Vincent Valles Laurent Barbiero Moad Morarech |
| author_sort | Meryem Ayach |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The number and diversity of groundwater bodies (GWBs) in large French administrative regions pose challenges to their monitoring and protection by regional health agencies. To overcome this obstacle, we propose, for the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region (about 70,000 km<sup>2</sup>), a grouping of GWBs into homogeneous groups based on the sources of variability within a large dataset of groundwater physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics (8078 observations and 13 parameters). This grouping involved a dimensional reduction in the data hyperspace by principal component analysis (PCA) and a clustering based on the mean values of each GWB on the factorial axes. The information lost when clustering from the sample point scale to the GWB scale and then to that of the GWB group was quantified by analysis of variance and showed that grouping GWBs is accompanied by a small loss of information. A discriminant analysis confirmed the high spatial and temporal variability within the dataset, as well as the effectiveness of the proposed method for establishing homogeneous sets. Some roadmaps for more targeted monitoring of water resources were briefly proposed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:45:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6bcdc34f007044a5aef0558e03e3669e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:45:03Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-6bcdc34f007044a5aef0558e03e3669e2024-03-27T14:08:25ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412024-03-0116686910.3390/w16060869Groundwaters in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France: Grouping Homogeneous Groundwater Bodies for Optimized Monitoring and ProtectionMeryem Ayach0Hajar Lazar1Christel Lamat2Abderrahim Bousouis3Meryem Touzani4Youssouf El Jarjini5Ilias Kacimi6Vincent Valles7Laurent Barbiero8Moad Morarech9Geosciences, Water and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10000, MoroccoGeosciences, Water and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10000, MoroccoAgence Régionale de Santé ARS Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 241 Rue Garibaldi, 69003 Lyon, FranceLaboratoire de Géosciences, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofaïl, BP 133, Kénitra 14000, MoroccoNational Institute of Agronomic Research, Rabat 10060, MoroccoLaboratory in Applied and Marine Geosciences, Geotechnics and Georisk (LR3G), Faculty of Science Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93002, MoroccoGeosciences, Water and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10000, MoroccoMixed Research Unit EMMAH (Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes), Hydrogeology Laboratory, Avignon University, 84916 Avignon, FranceInstitut de Recherche pour le Développement, Géoscience Environnement Toulouse, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5563, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, FranceLaboratory in Applied and Marine Geosciences, Geotechnics and Georisk (LR3G), Faculty of Science Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93002, MoroccoThe number and diversity of groundwater bodies (GWBs) in large French administrative regions pose challenges to their monitoring and protection by regional health agencies. To overcome this obstacle, we propose, for the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region (about 70,000 km<sup>2</sup>), a grouping of GWBs into homogeneous groups based on the sources of variability within a large dataset of groundwater physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics (8078 observations and 13 parameters). This grouping involved a dimensional reduction in the data hyperspace by principal component analysis (PCA) and a clustering based on the mean values of each GWB on the factorial axes. The information lost when clustering from the sample point scale to the GWB scale and then to that of the GWB group was quantified by analysis of variance and showed that grouping GWBs is accompanied by a small loss of information. A discriminant analysis confirmed the high spatial and temporal variability within the dataset, as well as the effectiveness of the proposed method for establishing homogeneous sets. Some roadmaps for more targeted monitoring of water resources were briefly proposed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/6/869groundwater resourcegroundwater bodieschemical compositionbacteriological compositionAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes regionFrance |
| spellingShingle | Meryem Ayach Hajar Lazar Christel Lamat Abderrahim Bousouis Meryem Touzani Youssouf El Jarjini Ilias Kacimi Vincent Valles Laurent Barbiero Moad Morarech Groundwaters in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France: Grouping Homogeneous Groundwater Bodies for Optimized Monitoring and Protection Water groundwater resource groundwater bodies chemical composition bacteriological composition Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region France |
| title | Groundwaters in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France: Grouping Homogeneous Groundwater Bodies for Optimized Monitoring and Protection |
| title_full | Groundwaters in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France: Grouping Homogeneous Groundwater Bodies for Optimized Monitoring and Protection |
| title_fullStr | Groundwaters in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France: Grouping Homogeneous Groundwater Bodies for Optimized Monitoring and Protection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Groundwaters in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France: Grouping Homogeneous Groundwater Bodies for Optimized Monitoring and Protection |
| title_short | Groundwaters in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France: Grouping Homogeneous Groundwater Bodies for Optimized Monitoring and Protection |
| title_sort | groundwaters in the auvergne rhone alpes region france grouping homogeneous groundwater bodies for optimized monitoring and protection |
| topic | groundwater resource groundwater bodies chemical composition bacteriological composition Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region France |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/6/869 |
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