Acute exercise in a hot environment increases heat shock protein 70 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α mRNA in Thoroughbred horse skeletal muscle
Heat acclimatization or acclimation training in horses is practiced to reduce physiological strain and improve exercise performance in the heat, which can involve metabolic improvement in skeletal muscle. However, there is limited information concerning the acute signaling responses of equine skelet...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1230212/full |
| _version_ | 1797740104651898880 |
|---|---|
| author | Yusaku Ebisuda Kazutaka Mukai Yuji Takahashi Toshinobu Yoshida Aoto Kawano Tsubasa Matsuhashi Hirofumi Miyata Masayoshi Kuwahara Hajime Ohmura |
| author_facet | Yusaku Ebisuda Kazutaka Mukai Yuji Takahashi Toshinobu Yoshida Aoto Kawano Tsubasa Matsuhashi Hirofumi Miyata Masayoshi Kuwahara Hajime Ohmura |
| author_sort | Yusaku Ebisuda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heat acclimatization or acclimation training in horses is practiced to reduce physiological strain and improve exercise performance in the heat, which can involve metabolic improvement in skeletal muscle. However, there is limited information concerning the acute signaling responses of equine skeletal muscle after exercise in a hot environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that exercise in hot conditions induces greater changes in heat shock proteins and mitochondrial-related signaling in equine skeletal muscle compared with exercise in cool conditions. Fifteen trained Thoroughbred horses [4.6 ± 0.4 (mean ± SE) years old; 503 ± 14 kg] were assigned to perform a treadmill exercise test in cool conditions [COOL; Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), 12.5°C; n = 8] or hot conditions (HOT; WBGT, 29.5°C; n = 7) consisting of walking at 1.7 m/s for 1 min, trotting at 4 m/s for 5 min, and cantering at 7 m/s for 2 min and at 90% of VO2max for 2 min, followed by walking at 1.7 m/s for 20 min. Heart rate during exercise and plasma lactate concentration immediately after exercise were measured. Biopsy samples were obtained from the middle gluteal muscle before and at 4 h after exercise, and relative quantitative analysis of mRNA expression using real-time RT-PCR was performed. Data were analyzed with using mixed models. There were no significant differences between the two groups in peak heart rate (COOL, 213 ± 3 bpm; HOT, 214 ± 4 bpm; p = 0.782) and plasma lactate concentration (COOL, 13.1 ± 1.4 mmoL/L; HOT, 17.5 ± 1.7 mmoL/L; p = 0.060), while HSP-70 (COOL, 1.9-fold, p = 0.207; HOT, 2.4-fold, p = 0.045), PGC-1α (COOL, 3.8-fold, p = 0.424; HOT, 8.4-fold, p = 0.010), HIF-1α (COOL, 1.6-fold, p = 0.315; HOT, 2.2-fold, p = 0.018) and PDK4 (COOL, 7.6-fold, p = 0.412; HOT, 14.1-fold, p = 0.047) mRNA increased significantly only in HOT at 4 h after exercise. These data indicate that acute exercise in a hot environment facilitates protective response to heat stress (HSP-70), mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α and HIF-1α) and fatty acid oxidation (PDK4). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:07:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6bce410c9fa24a3aa86e5bd59a37437b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:07:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-6bce410c9fa24a3aa86e5bd59a37437b2023-08-21T13:18:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-08-011010.3389/fvets.2023.12302121230212Acute exercise in a hot environment increases heat shock protein 70 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α mRNA in Thoroughbred horse skeletal muscleYusaku Ebisuda0Kazutaka Mukai1Yuji Takahashi2Toshinobu Yoshida3Aoto Kawano4Tsubasa Matsuhashi5Hirofumi Miyata6Masayoshi Kuwahara7Hajime Ohmura8Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, JapanSports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, JapanSports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, JapanSports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, JapanDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, JapanDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, JapanDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, JapanDepartment of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, JapanRacehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center, Inashiki, JapanHeat acclimatization or acclimation training in horses is practiced to reduce physiological strain and improve exercise performance in the heat, which can involve metabolic improvement in skeletal muscle. However, there is limited information concerning the acute signaling responses of equine skeletal muscle after exercise in a hot environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that exercise in hot conditions induces greater changes in heat shock proteins and mitochondrial-related signaling in equine skeletal muscle compared with exercise in cool conditions. Fifteen trained Thoroughbred horses [4.6 ± 0.4 (mean ± SE) years old; 503 ± 14 kg] were assigned to perform a treadmill exercise test in cool conditions [COOL; Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), 12.5°C; n = 8] or hot conditions (HOT; WBGT, 29.5°C; n = 7) consisting of walking at 1.7 m/s for 1 min, trotting at 4 m/s for 5 min, and cantering at 7 m/s for 2 min and at 90% of VO2max for 2 min, followed by walking at 1.7 m/s for 20 min. Heart rate during exercise and plasma lactate concentration immediately after exercise were measured. Biopsy samples were obtained from the middle gluteal muscle before and at 4 h after exercise, and relative quantitative analysis of mRNA expression using real-time RT-PCR was performed. Data were analyzed with using mixed models. There were no significant differences between the two groups in peak heart rate (COOL, 213 ± 3 bpm; HOT, 214 ± 4 bpm; p = 0.782) and plasma lactate concentration (COOL, 13.1 ± 1.4 mmoL/L; HOT, 17.5 ± 1.7 mmoL/L; p = 0.060), while HSP-70 (COOL, 1.9-fold, p = 0.207; HOT, 2.4-fold, p = 0.045), PGC-1α (COOL, 3.8-fold, p = 0.424; HOT, 8.4-fold, p = 0.010), HIF-1α (COOL, 1.6-fold, p = 0.315; HOT, 2.2-fold, p = 0.018) and PDK4 (COOL, 7.6-fold, p = 0.412; HOT, 14.1-fold, p = 0.047) mRNA increased significantly only in HOT at 4 h after exercise. These data indicate that acute exercise in a hot environment facilitates protective response to heat stress (HSP-70), mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α and HIF-1α) and fatty acid oxidation (PDK4).https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1230212/fullheat stressexerciseThoroughbred horsesmessenger RNAskeletal muscle |
| spellingShingle | Yusaku Ebisuda Kazutaka Mukai Yuji Takahashi Toshinobu Yoshida Aoto Kawano Tsubasa Matsuhashi Hirofumi Miyata Masayoshi Kuwahara Hajime Ohmura Acute exercise in a hot environment increases heat shock protein 70 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α mRNA in Thoroughbred horse skeletal muscle Frontiers in Veterinary Science heat stress exercise Thoroughbred horses messenger RNA skeletal muscle |
| title | Acute exercise in a hot environment increases heat shock protein 70 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α mRNA in Thoroughbred horse skeletal muscle |
| title_full | Acute exercise in a hot environment increases heat shock protein 70 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α mRNA in Thoroughbred horse skeletal muscle |
| title_fullStr | Acute exercise in a hot environment increases heat shock protein 70 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α mRNA in Thoroughbred horse skeletal muscle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acute exercise in a hot environment increases heat shock protein 70 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α mRNA in Thoroughbred horse skeletal muscle |
| title_short | Acute exercise in a hot environment increases heat shock protein 70 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α mRNA in Thoroughbred horse skeletal muscle |
| title_sort | acute exercise in a hot environment increases heat shock protein 70 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α mrna in thoroughbred horse skeletal muscle |
| topic | heat stress exercise Thoroughbred horses messenger RNA skeletal muscle |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1230212/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yusakuebisuda acuteexerciseinahotenvironmentincreasesheatshockprotein70andperoxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorgcoactivator1amrnainthoroughbredhorseskeletalmuscle AT kazutakamukai acuteexerciseinahotenvironmentincreasesheatshockprotein70andperoxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorgcoactivator1amrnainthoroughbredhorseskeletalmuscle AT yujitakahashi acuteexerciseinahotenvironmentincreasesheatshockprotein70andperoxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorgcoactivator1amrnainthoroughbredhorseskeletalmuscle AT toshinobuyoshida acuteexerciseinahotenvironmentincreasesheatshockprotein70andperoxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorgcoactivator1amrnainthoroughbredhorseskeletalmuscle AT aotokawano acuteexerciseinahotenvironmentincreasesheatshockprotein70andperoxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorgcoactivator1amrnainthoroughbredhorseskeletalmuscle AT tsubasamatsuhashi acuteexerciseinahotenvironmentincreasesheatshockprotein70andperoxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorgcoactivator1amrnainthoroughbredhorseskeletalmuscle AT hirofumimiyata acuteexerciseinahotenvironmentincreasesheatshockprotein70andperoxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorgcoactivator1amrnainthoroughbredhorseskeletalmuscle AT masayoshikuwahara acuteexerciseinahotenvironmentincreasesheatshockprotein70andperoxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorgcoactivator1amrnainthoroughbredhorseskeletalmuscle AT hajimeohmura acuteexerciseinahotenvironmentincreasesheatshockprotein70andperoxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorgcoactivator1amrnainthoroughbredhorseskeletalmuscle |