Wind Vulnerability of Flexible Outdoor Single-Post Billboards
Increased temperature due to global climate change is increasing the magnitude and frequency of extreme winds making billboard structures more vulnerable. This paper proposes a methodology to determine the structural safety of flexible outdoor single-post billboards. A CFD model of a flexible single...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6197 |
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| author | Rolando Salgado-Estrada Arturo Galván Jatziri Y. Moreno-Martínez Ernesto A. Elvira-Hernández Franco Carpio Agustín L. Herrera-May Sergio A. Zamora Castro Israel E. Herrera-Díaz |
| author_facet | Rolando Salgado-Estrada Arturo Galván Jatziri Y. Moreno-Martínez Ernesto A. Elvira-Hernández Franco Carpio Agustín L. Herrera-May Sergio A. Zamora Castro Israel E. Herrera-Díaz |
| author_sort | Rolando Salgado-Estrada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increased temperature due to global climate change is increasing the magnitude and frequency of extreme winds making billboard structures more vulnerable. This paper proposes a methodology to determine the structural safety of flexible outdoor single-post billboards. A CFD model of a flexible single-post billboard was performed as an example. Resultant wind forces were obtained for the previous model using different wind speeds. A mechanical numerical model of the billboard was realized, and this was subjected to the resultant wind forces. Internal forces for the most vulnerable places of the billboard were obtained for all different adopted wind speeds. Next, a reliability analysis of the billboard was performed considering several values for the bias factor and coefficient of variation for the internal forces caused by wind. Safety levels determined from the reliability analysis indicate that a billboard designed with a nominal wind speed of 180 km/h cannot achieve the target probability index of 3.2 for wind speed higher or equal to 200 km/h for any of the adopted probabilistic parameters. Significant differences in the found safety levels for the evaluated probability parameters indicate that billboard structures could undergo safety values below the target one with changes in the case where wind characteristics endanger this type of structure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:57:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6bd0b3614ffa4bc2a441987781b52faf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:57:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6bd0b3614ffa4bc2a441987781b52faf2023-11-18T00:22:00ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-05-011310619710.3390/app13106197Wind Vulnerability of Flexible Outdoor Single-Post BillboardsRolando Salgado-Estrada0Arturo Galván1Jatziri Y. Moreno-Martínez2Ernesto A. Elvira-Hernández3Franco Carpio4Agustín L. Herrera-May5Sergio A. Zamora Castro6Israel E. Herrera-Díaz7Faculty of Engineering of the Construction and the Habitat, Universidad Veracruzana, Calzada Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 455, Fracc. Costa Verde, C.P., Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, MexicoCampus Celaya-Salvatierra, Universidad de Guanajuato, Av. Ing. Javier Barros Sierra 201, Col. Ejido de Santa María del Refugio, C.P., Celaya 38140, Guanajuato, MexicoCampus Celaya-Salvatierra, Universidad de Guanajuato, Av. Ing. Javier Barros Sierra 201, Col. Ejido de Santa María del Refugio, C.P., Celaya 38140, Guanajuato, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias Navales, Universidad Veracruzana, Calzada Ruiz Cortines 455, Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, MexicoInstituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Juan Pablo II S/N, Fracc. Costa Verde, C.P., Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, MexicoMicro and Nanotechnology Research Center, Universidad Veracruzana, Adolfo Ruíz Cortines 455, Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, MexicoFaculty of Engineering of the Construction and the Habitat, Universidad Veracruzana, Calzada Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 455, Fracc. Costa Verde, C.P., Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, MexicoCampus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Ex Hacienda El Copal km. 9, Carretera Irapuato-Silao, A.P. 311, C.P., Irapuato 36500, Guanajuato, MexicoIncreased temperature due to global climate change is increasing the magnitude and frequency of extreme winds making billboard structures more vulnerable. This paper proposes a methodology to determine the structural safety of flexible outdoor single-post billboards. A CFD model of a flexible single-post billboard was performed as an example. Resultant wind forces were obtained for the previous model using different wind speeds. A mechanical numerical model of the billboard was realized, and this was subjected to the resultant wind forces. Internal forces for the most vulnerable places of the billboard were obtained for all different adopted wind speeds. Next, a reliability analysis of the billboard was performed considering several values for the bias factor and coefficient of variation for the internal forces caused by wind. Safety levels determined from the reliability analysis indicate that a billboard designed with a nominal wind speed of 180 km/h cannot achieve the target probability index of 3.2 for wind speed higher or equal to 200 km/h for any of the adopted probabilistic parameters. Significant differences in the found safety levels for the evaluated probability parameters indicate that billboard structures could undergo safety values below the target one with changes in the case where wind characteristics endanger this type of structure.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6197flexible single-post billboardswind engineeringwind loadsreliability analysisCFD |
| spellingShingle | Rolando Salgado-Estrada Arturo Galván Jatziri Y. Moreno-Martínez Ernesto A. Elvira-Hernández Franco Carpio Agustín L. Herrera-May Sergio A. Zamora Castro Israel E. Herrera-Díaz Wind Vulnerability of Flexible Outdoor Single-Post Billboards Applied Sciences flexible single-post billboards wind engineering wind loads reliability analysis CFD |
| title | Wind Vulnerability of Flexible Outdoor Single-Post Billboards |
| title_full | Wind Vulnerability of Flexible Outdoor Single-Post Billboards |
| title_fullStr | Wind Vulnerability of Flexible Outdoor Single-Post Billboards |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wind Vulnerability of Flexible Outdoor Single-Post Billboards |
| title_short | Wind Vulnerability of Flexible Outdoor Single-Post Billboards |
| title_sort | wind vulnerability of flexible outdoor single post billboards |
| topic | flexible single-post billboards wind engineering wind loads reliability analysis CFD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6197 |
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