Water-Based Microwave-Assisted Digestion Method for Electrochemical and Chromatographic Determination of Total Fluoride Ions in Toothpaste Samples
Fluoride ions are the major constituents of dental products because they prevent cavities through bacterial growth inhibition. However, excessive consumption of fluoride ions results in fluorosis, thereby causing tooth staining and roughness. Therefore, there is a crucial need to develop rapid and e...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/24/13315 |
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| author | Mbuyamba Divin Mukendi Nomvano Mketo |
| author_facet | Mbuyamba Divin Mukendi Nomvano Mketo |
| author_sort | Mbuyamba Divin Mukendi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fluoride ions are the major constituents of dental products because they prevent cavities through bacterial growth inhibition. However, excessive consumption of fluoride ions results in fluorosis, thereby causing tooth staining and roughness. Therefore, there is a crucial need to develop rapid and effective methods for monitoring fluoride levels in dental products. The current study describes a greener water-based microwave-assisted digestion (WB-MAD) prior to fluoride-ion-selective electrode (F-ISE) measurement for the determination of fluoride ions in various toothpaste products. The optimum conditions of the developed WB-MAD method were 180 °C digestion temperature, 60 min digestion time, 0.05 g toothpaste amount and 10 mL distilled water. Under the optimum conditions, the method detection limit (MDL) of 0.00302 µg/kg and the method quantification limit (MQL) of 0.01007 µg/kg obtained were favorably comparable with the literature reports. The proposed WB-MAD method was both accurate (99.2 to 101%) and precise (≤0.75%) for the quantitative determination of F<sup>−</sup> in toothpaste samples using F-ISE. Furthermore, the newly developed WB-MAD method showed better accuracy (97–100%) than the traditional microwave-assisted acid digestion methods (71–92%). It is worth indicating that since water was used as the only digestion reagent, it was possible to validate the F-ISE results with ion chromatography (IC). The percentage recoveries obtained from IC (91–104%) and F-ISE (93–100%) were statistically insignificant. In view of the validation data, the proposed WB-MAD method can be considered as an alternative to the conventional microwave-assisted acid digestion (MAAD) methods for the determination of F<sup>−</sup> in toothpaste samples containing sodium monofluorophosphate. |
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| id | doaj.art-6be94a928a1e4ae6b46984b9958332c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:01:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6be94a928a1e4ae6b46984b9958332c02023-12-22T13:52:13ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-12-0113241331510.3390/app132413315Water-Based Microwave-Assisted Digestion Method for Electrochemical and Chromatographic Determination of Total Fluoride Ions in Toothpaste SamplesMbuyamba Divin Mukendi0Nomvano Mketo1Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, Johannesburg 1710, South AfricaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, Johannesburg 1710, South AfricaFluoride ions are the major constituents of dental products because they prevent cavities through bacterial growth inhibition. However, excessive consumption of fluoride ions results in fluorosis, thereby causing tooth staining and roughness. Therefore, there is a crucial need to develop rapid and effective methods for monitoring fluoride levels in dental products. The current study describes a greener water-based microwave-assisted digestion (WB-MAD) prior to fluoride-ion-selective electrode (F-ISE) measurement for the determination of fluoride ions in various toothpaste products. The optimum conditions of the developed WB-MAD method were 180 °C digestion temperature, 60 min digestion time, 0.05 g toothpaste amount and 10 mL distilled water. Under the optimum conditions, the method detection limit (MDL) of 0.00302 µg/kg and the method quantification limit (MQL) of 0.01007 µg/kg obtained were favorably comparable with the literature reports. The proposed WB-MAD method was both accurate (99.2 to 101%) and precise (≤0.75%) for the quantitative determination of F<sup>−</sup> in toothpaste samples using F-ISE. Furthermore, the newly developed WB-MAD method showed better accuracy (97–100%) than the traditional microwave-assisted acid digestion methods (71–92%). It is worth indicating that since water was used as the only digestion reagent, it was possible to validate the F-ISE results with ion chromatography (IC). The percentage recoveries obtained from IC (91–104%) and F-ISE (93–100%) were statistically insignificant. In view of the validation data, the proposed WB-MAD method can be considered as an alternative to the conventional microwave-assisted acid digestion (MAAD) methods for the determination of F<sup>−</sup> in toothpaste samples containing sodium monofluorophosphate.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/24/13315water-based microwave-assisted digestionfluoride-ion-selective electrodemethod detection limitmethod quantification limition chromatographytoothpaste samples |
| spellingShingle | Mbuyamba Divin Mukendi Nomvano Mketo Water-Based Microwave-Assisted Digestion Method for Electrochemical and Chromatographic Determination of Total Fluoride Ions in Toothpaste Samples Applied Sciences water-based microwave-assisted digestion fluoride-ion-selective electrode method detection limit method quantification limit ion chromatography toothpaste samples |
| title | Water-Based Microwave-Assisted Digestion Method for Electrochemical and Chromatographic Determination of Total Fluoride Ions in Toothpaste Samples |
| title_full | Water-Based Microwave-Assisted Digestion Method for Electrochemical and Chromatographic Determination of Total Fluoride Ions in Toothpaste Samples |
| title_fullStr | Water-Based Microwave-Assisted Digestion Method for Electrochemical and Chromatographic Determination of Total Fluoride Ions in Toothpaste Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water-Based Microwave-Assisted Digestion Method for Electrochemical and Chromatographic Determination of Total Fluoride Ions in Toothpaste Samples |
| title_short | Water-Based Microwave-Assisted Digestion Method for Electrochemical and Chromatographic Determination of Total Fluoride Ions in Toothpaste Samples |
| title_sort | water based microwave assisted digestion method for electrochemical and chromatographic determination of total fluoride ions in toothpaste samples |
| topic | water-based microwave-assisted digestion fluoride-ion-selective electrode method detection limit method quantification limit ion chromatography toothpaste samples |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/24/13315 |
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