Spatially Varying Relationships between Land Subsidence and Urbanization: A Case Study in Wuhan, China
Land subsidence has become an increasing global concern over the past few decades due to natural and anthropogenic factors. However, although several studies have examined factors affecting land subsidence in recent years, few have focused on the spatial heterogeneity of relationships between land s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/2/291 |
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| author | Zhengyu Wang Yaolin Liu Yang Zhang Yanfang Liu Baoshun Wang Guangxia Zhang |
| author_facet | Zhengyu Wang Yaolin Liu Yang Zhang Yanfang Liu Baoshun Wang Guangxia Zhang |
| author_sort | Zhengyu Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Land subsidence has become an increasing global concern over the past few decades due to natural and anthropogenic factors. However, although several studies have examined factors affecting land subsidence in recent years, few have focused on the spatial heterogeneity of relationships between land subsidence and urbanization. In this paper, we adopted the small baseline subset-synthetic aperture radar interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) method using Sentinel-1 radar satellite images to map land subsidence from 2015 to 2018 and characterized its spatial pattern in Wuhan. The bivariate Moran’s I index was used to test and visualize the spatial correlations between land subsidence and urbanization. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was employed to explore the strengths and directions of impacts of urbanization on land subsidence. Our findings showed that land subsidence was obvious and unevenly distributed in the study area, the annual deformation rate varied from −42.85 mm/year to +29.98 mm/year, and its average value was −1.0 mm/year. A clear spatial pattern for land subsidence in Wuhan was mapped, and several apparent subsidence funnels were primarily located in central urban areas. All urbanization indicators were found to be significantly spatially correlated with land subsidence at different scales. In addition, the GWR model results showed that all urbanization indicators were significantly associated with land subsidence across the whole study area in Wuhan. The results of bivariate Moran’s I and GWR results confirmed that the relationships between land subsidence and urbanization spatially varied in Wuhan at multiple spatial scales. Although scale dependence existed in both the bivariate Moran’s I and GWR models for land subsidence and urbanization indicators, a “best” spatial scale could not be confirmed because the disturbance of factors varied over different sampling scales. The results can advance the understanding of the relationships between land subsidence and urbanization, and they will provide guidance for subsidence control and sustainable urban planning. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:37:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6be9f3bef07b44e3aa949f4794968dcf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:37:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-6be9f3bef07b44e3aa949f4794968dcf2023-11-23T15:15:11ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-01-0114229110.3390/rs14020291Spatially Varying Relationships between Land Subsidence and Urbanization: A Case Study in Wuhan, ChinaZhengyu Wang0Yaolin Liu1Yang Zhang2Yanfang Liu3Baoshun Wang4Guangxia Zhang5School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaSchool of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaSchool of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaSchool of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaSchool of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaLand subsidence has become an increasing global concern over the past few decades due to natural and anthropogenic factors. However, although several studies have examined factors affecting land subsidence in recent years, few have focused on the spatial heterogeneity of relationships between land subsidence and urbanization. In this paper, we adopted the small baseline subset-synthetic aperture radar interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) method using Sentinel-1 radar satellite images to map land subsidence from 2015 to 2018 and characterized its spatial pattern in Wuhan. The bivariate Moran’s I index was used to test and visualize the spatial correlations between land subsidence and urbanization. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was employed to explore the strengths and directions of impacts of urbanization on land subsidence. Our findings showed that land subsidence was obvious and unevenly distributed in the study area, the annual deformation rate varied from −42.85 mm/year to +29.98 mm/year, and its average value was −1.0 mm/year. A clear spatial pattern for land subsidence in Wuhan was mapped, and several apparent subsidence funnels were primarily located in central urban areas. All urbanization indicators were found to be significantly spatially correlated with land subsidence at different scales. In addition, the GWR model results showed that all urbanization indicators were significantly associated with land subsidence across the whole study area in Wuhan. The results of bivariate Moran’s I and GWR results confirmed that the relationships between land subsidence and urbanization spatially varied in Wuhan at multiple spatial scales. Although scale dependence existed in both the bivariate Moran’s I and GWR models for land subsidence and urbanization indicators, a “best” spatial scale could not be confirmed because the disturbance of factors varied over different sampling scales. The results can advance the understanding of the relationships between land subsidence and urbanization, and they will provide guidance for subsidence control and sustainable urban planning.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/2/291SBAS-InSARSentinel-1 imagesgeographically weighted regression (GWR)bivariate Moran’s Iland subsidenceurbanization |
| spellingShingle | Zhengyu Wang Yaolin Liu Yang Zhang Yanfang Liu Baoshun Wang Guangxia Zhang Spatially Varying Relationships between Land Subsidence and Urbanization: A Case Study in Wuhan, China Remote Sensing SBAS-InSAR Sentinel-1 images geographically weighted regression (GWR) bivariate Moran’s I land subsidence urbanization |
| title | Spatially Varying Relationships between Land Subsidence and Urbanization: A Case Study in Wuhan, China |
| title_full | Spatially Varying Relationships between Land Subsidence and Urbanization: A Case Study in Wuhan, China |
| title_fullStr | Spatially Varying Relationships between Land Subsidence and Urbanization: A Case Study in Wuhan, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatially Varying Relationships between Land Subsidence and Urbanization: A Case Study in Wuhan, China |
| title_short | Spatially Varying Relationships between Land Subsidence and Urbanization: A Case Study in Wuhan, China |
| title_sort | spatially varying relationships between land subsidence and urbanization a case study in wuhan china |
| topic | SBAS-InSAR Sentinel-1 images geographically weighted regression (GWR) bivariate Moran’s I land subsidence urbanization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/2/291 |
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