Comparative Morphological, Anatomical and Physiological Analyses Explain the Difference of Wounding-Induced Agarwood Formation between Ordinary Agarwood Nongrafted Plants and Five Grafted Qi-Nan Clones (<i>Aquilaria sinensis</i>)
Agarwood is the dark resinous heartwood of injured ordinary <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i> (OA). Recently, some new clones of <i>A. sinensis</i> (Qi-Nan) that intensively produce high-quality agarwood were selected and cultivated by grafted clonal seedlings. However, very little i...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| author | Xiaofei Li Zhiyi Cui Xiaojin Liu Zhou Hong Peng Zhang Daping Xu |
| author_facet | Xiaofei Li Zhiyi Cui Xiaojin Liu Zhou Hong Peng Zhang Daping Xu |
| author_sort | Xiaofei Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Agarwood is the dark resinous heartwood of injured ordinary <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i> (OA). Recently, some new clones of <i>A. sinensis</i> (Qi-Nan) that intensively produce high-quality agarwood were selected and cultivated by grafted clonal seedlings. However, very little is known about their agarwood formation mechanism, and it is unclear whether the current method of distinguishing Qi-Nan from OA by observing its leaf apparent morphology is scientifically reliable. In this study, the differences between OA and Qi-Nan clones in agarwood formation and their correlation with morphological, anatomical and physiological characteristics were investigated in two types of <i>A</i><i>. sinensis</i> trees. After the mechanical injury, agarwood yield and essential oil content in agarwood of Qi-Nan were significantly higher than that of OA. There was no significant difference in leaf shape parameters between Qi-Nan and OA, but Qi-Nan showed higher specific leaf weight, total leaf chlorophyll, leaf nitrogen content and net photosynthetic rate. A xylem anatomical analysis showed that Qi-Nan had significantly smaller vessel wall thickness, greater ray cell wall thickness and larger interxylary phloem area than OA. Moreover, Qi-Nan had a greater consumption of non-structural carbohydrates than OA. Agarwood yield and oil content in agarwood showed significantly positive correlations with leaf photosynthetic capacity, the wall thickness of xylem ray cell, interxylary phloem area, starch utilization rate of trees, and a significantly negative correlation with the wall thickness of xylem vessel of trees. In brief, Qi-Nan has a stronger photosynthetic basis to supply more carbon sources, a more efficient xylem structural basis for agarwood production and a higher carbon source utilization rate, leading to a higher agarwood yield and oil content. It is not reliable to distinguish Qi-Nan from OA simply by observing leaf apparent morphology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:17:55Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:17:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-6becf3ab55d449c2859d818b70564d992023-11-30T22:43:57ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072022-10-011310161810.3390/f13101618Comparative Morphological, Anatomical and Physiological Analyses Explain the Difference of Wounding-Induced Agarwood Formation between Ordinary Agarwood Nongrafted Plants and Five Grafted Qi-Nan Clones (<i>Aquilaria sinensis</i>)Xiaofei Li0Zhiyi Cui1Xiaojin Liu2Zhou Hong3Peng Zhang4Daping Xu5Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, ChinaResearch Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, ChinaResearch Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, ChinaResearch Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, ChinaResearch Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, ChinaResearch Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, ChinaAgarwood is the dark resinous heartwood of injured ordinary <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i> (OA). Recently, some new clones of <i>A. sinensis</i> (Qi-Nan) that intensively produce high-quality agarwood were selected and cultivated by grafted clonal seedlings. However, very little is known about their agarwood formation mechanism, and it is unclear whether the current method of distinguishing Qi-Nan from OA by observing its leaf apparent morphology is scientifically reliable. In this study, the differences between OA and Qi-Nan clones in agarwood formation and their correlation with morphological, anatomical and physiological characteristics were investigated in two types of <i>A</i><i>. sinensis</i> trees. After the mechanical injury, agarwood yield and essential oil content in agarwood of Qi-Nan were significantly higher than that of OA. There was no significant difference in leaf shape parameters between Qi-Nan and OA, but Qi-Nan showed higher specific leaf weight, total leaf chlorophyll, leaf nitrogen content and net photosynthetic rate. A xylem anatomical analysis showed that Qi-Nan had significantly smaller vessel wall thickness, greater ray cell wall thickness and larger interxylary phloem area than OA. Moreover, Qi-Nan had a greater consumption of non-structural carbohydrates than OA. Agarwood yield and oil content in agarwood showed significantly positive correlations with leaf photosynthetic capacity, the wall thickness of xylem ray cell, interxylary phloem area, starch utilization rate of trees, and a significantly negative correlation with the wall thickness of xylem vessel of trees. In brief, Qi-Nan has a stronger photosynthetic basis to supply more carbon sources, a more efficient xylem structural basis for agarwood production and a higher carbon source utilization rate, leading to a higher agarwood yield and oil content. It is not reliable to distinguish Qi-Nan from OA simply by observing leaf apparent morphology.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/10/1618<i>Aquilaria sinensis</i>leaf morphologyphotosynthetic physiologyxylem anatomical structurenon-structural carbohydrates |
| spellingShingle | Xiaofei Li Zhiyi Cui Xiaojin Liu Zhou Hong Peng Zhang Daping Xu Comparative Morphological, Anatomical and Physiological Analyses Explain the Difference of Wounding-Induced Agarwood Formation between Ordinary Agarwood Nongrafted Plants and Five Grafted Qi-Nan Clones (<i>Aquilaria sinensis</i>) Forests <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i> leaf morphology photosynthetic physiology xylem anatomical structure non-structural carbohydrates |
| title | Comparative Morphological, Anatomical and Physiological Analyses Explain the Difference of Wounding-Induced Agarwood Formation between Ordinary Agarwood Nongrafted Plants and Five Grafted Qi-Nan Clones (<i>Aquilaria sinensis</i>) |
| title_full | Comparative Morphological, Anatomical and Physiological Analyses Explain the Difference of Wounding-Induced Agarwood Formation between Ordinary Agarwood Nongrafted Plants and Five Grafted Qi-Nan Clones (<i>Aquilaria sinensis</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Morphological, Anatomical and Physiological Analyses Explain the Difference of Wounding-Induced Agarwood Formation between Ordinary Agarwood Nongrafted Plants and Five Grafted Qi-Nan Clones (<i>Aquilaria sinensis</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Morphological, Anatomical and Physiological Analyses Explain the Difference of Wounding-Induced Agarwood Formation between Ordinary Agarwood Nongrafted Plants and Five Grafted Qi-Nan Clones (<i>Aquilaria sinensis</i>) |
| title_short | Comparative Morphological, Anatomical and Physiological Analyses Explain the Difference of Wounding-Induced Agarwood Formation between Ordinary Agarwood Nongrafted Plants and Five Grafted Qi-Nan Clones (<i>Aquilaria sinensis</i>) |
| title_sort | comparative morphological anatomical and physiological analyses explain the difference of wounding induced agarwood formation between ordinary agarwood nongrafted plants and five grafted qi nan clones i aquilaria sinensis i |
| topic | <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i> leaf morphology photosynthetic physiology xylem anatomical structure non-structural carbohydrates |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/10/1618 |
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