Immunotherapy-Associated Pancreatic Adverse Events: Current Understanding of Their Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Management
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies, are involved in T cell-mediated immune response augmentation and promote anti-tumor immunity. Cancer patients treated with combina...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.627612/full |
| _version_ | 1818944221788241920 |
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| author | Ya Liu Hao Zhang Li Zhou Weichun Li Le Yang Wen Li Kezhou Li Xubao Liu |
| author_facet | Ya Liu Hao Zhang Li Zhou Weichun Li Le Yang Wen Li Kezhou Li Xubao Liu |
| author_sort | Ya Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies, are involved in T cell-mediated immune response augmentation and promote anti-tumor immunity. Cancer patients treated with combination of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy exhibit superior clinical outcomes and tolerance compared with patients treated with monotherapies. However, immutherapy is associated with several concomitant immune-related adverse events (irAEs). For instance, IrAEs interferes with function of gastrointestinal tract, endocrine, dermatological, nervous system and musculoskeletal systems. ICIs-associated pancreatic injury might causes decrease in endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function, resulting in metabolic and nutritional disorders. Clinicians who administer immune checkpoint inhibitors to cancer patients are diagnosed with hyperglycemia, abdominal pain and steatorrhea. Currently, the precise mechanism of ICIs-associated pancreatic injury has not been fully explored. This paper summarizes incidence, diagnosis, clinical characteristics, potential mechanisms, and treatment management patterns of ICIs-associated pancreatic AEs based on previous studies. In addition, possible management approaches of these adverse effects are presented in this paper. in the findings summarized in this paper lay a basis for management of ICIs-associated pancreatic AEs and expanding future immunotherapy applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T07:39:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6bed0d01cdba49d8918070ed614ed385 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T07:39:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6bed0d01cdba49d8918070ed614ed3852022-12-21T19:48:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2021-02-011110.3389/fonc.2021.627612627612Immunotherapy-Associated Pancreatic Adverse Events: Current Understanding of Their Mechanism, Diagnosis, and ManagementYa Liu0Hao Zhang1Li Zhou2Weichun Li3Le Yang4Wen Li5Kezhou Li6Xubao Liu7Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaCore Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaCAAC Academy, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, ChinaDepartment of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaLung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies, are involved in T cell-mediated immune response augmentation and promote anti-tumor immunity. Cancer patients treated with combination of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy exhibit superior clinical outcomes and tolerance compared with patients treated with monotherapies. However, immutherapy is associated with several concomitant immune-related adverse events (irAEs). For instance, IrAEs interferes with function of gastrointestinal tract, endocrine, dermatological, nervous system and musculoskeletal systems. ICIs-associated pancreatic injury might causes decrease in endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function, resulting in metabolic and nutritional disorders. Clinicians who administer immune checkpoint inhibitors to cancer patients are diagnosed with hyperglycemia, abdominal pain and steatorrhea. Currently, the precise mechanism of ICIs-associated pancreatic injury has not been fully explored. This paper summarizes incidence, diagnosis, clinical characteristics, potential mechanisms, and treatment management patterns of ICIs-associated pancreatic AEs based on previous studies. In addition, possible management approaches of these adverse effects are presented in this paper. in the findings summarized in this paper lay a basis for management of ICIs-associated pancreatic AEs and expanding future immunotherapy applications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.627612/fullimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmune-related adverse eventsICIs associated with diabetes mellitusamylase/lipasepancreatitispancreatic exocrine insufficiency |
| spellingShingle | Ya Liu Hao Zhang Li Zhou Weichun Li Le Yang Wen Li Kezhou Li Xubao Liu Immunotherapy-Associated Pancreatic Adverse Events: Current Understanding of Their Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Management Frontiers in Oncology immune checkpoint inhibitors immune-related adverse events ICIs associated with diabetes mellitus amylase/lipase pancreatitis pancreatic exocrine insufficiency |
| title | Immunotherapy-Associated Pancreatic Adverse Events: Current Understanding of Their Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Management |
| title_full | Immunotherapy-Associated Pancreatic Adverse Events: Current Understanding of Their Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Management |
| title_fullStr | Immunotherapy-Associated Pancreatic Adverse Events: Current Understanding of Their Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunotherapy-Associated Pancreatic Adverse Events: Current Understanding of Their Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Management |
| title_short | Immunotherapy-Associated Pancreatic Adverse Events: Current Understanding of Their Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Management |
| title_sort | immunotherapy associated pancreatic adverse events current understanding of their mechanism diagnosis and management |
| topic | immune checkpoint inhibitors immune-related adverse events ICIs associated with diabetes mellitus amylase/lipase pancreatitis pancreatic exocrine insufficiency |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.627612/full |
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