Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and Susceptibility
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major concern for the survival of mankind. COVID-19 accelerated another silent pandemic of AMR through the uncontrolled use of antibiotics and biocides. New generations of antimicrobial agents are needed to combat resistant pathogens. Crown ethers can be used as m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6437 |
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| author | Zehra Edis Samir Haj Bloukh |
| author_facet | Zehra Edis Samir Haj Bloukh |
| author_sort | Zehra Edis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major concern for the survival of mankind. COVID-19 accelerated another silent pandemic of AMR through the uncontrolled use of antibiotics and biocides. New generations of antimicrobial agents are needed to combat resistant pathogens. Crown ethers can be used as models for drug action because they are similar to antibiotics. Iodine is a well-known microbicide but is characterized by instability and short-term effectivity. Iodine can be stabilized in the form of polyiodides that have a rich topology but are dependent on their immediate surroundings. In addition, copper has been successfully used since the beginning of history as a biocidal agent. We, therefore, combined iodine and copper with the highly selective crown ether 1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane (12-crown-4). The morphology and composition of the new pentaiodide [Cu(12-crown-4)<sub>2</sub>]I<sub>5</sub> was investigated. Its antimicrobial activities against a selection of 10 pathogens were studied. It was found that <i>C. albicans</i> WDCM 00054 is highly susceptible to [Cu(12-crown-4)<sub>2</sub>]I<sub>5</sub>. Additionally, the compound has good to intermediate antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacilli. The chain-like pentaiodide structure is V-shaped and consists of iodine molecules with very short covalent bonds connected to triiodides by halogen bonding. The single crystal structure is arranged across the lattice fringes in the form of ribbons or honeycombs. The susceptibility of microorganisms towards polyiodides depends on polyiodide bonding patterns with halogen-, covalent-, and non-covalent bonding. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:24:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6bf74ebefe794dabb70bbf1f955982b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:24:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-6bf74ebefe794dabb70bbf1f955982b12023-11-23T21:11:24ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-09-012719643710.3390/molecules27196437Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and SusceptibilityZehra Edis0Samir Haj Bloukh1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab EmiratesCenter of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab EmiratesAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major concern for the survival of mankind. COVID-19 accelerated another silent pandemic of AMR through the uncontrolled use of antibiotics and biocides. New generations of antimicrobial agents are needed to combat resistant pathogens. Crown ethers can be used as models for drug action because they are similar to antibiotics. Iodine is a well-known microbicide but is characterized by instability and short-term effectivity. Iodine can be stabilized in the form of polyiodides that have a rich topology but are dependent on their immediate surroundings. In addition, copper has been successfully used since the beginning of history as a biocidal agent. We, therefore, combined iodine and copper with the highly selective crown ether 1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane (12-crown-4). The morphology and composition of the new pentaiodide [Cu(12-crown-4)<sub>2</sub>]I<sub>5</sub> was investigated. Its antimicrobial activities against a selection of 10 pathogens were studied. It was found that <i>C. albicans</i> WDCM 00054 is highly susceptible to [Cu(12-crown-4)<sub>2</sub>]I<sub>5</sub>. Additionally, the compound has good to intermediate antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacilli. The chain-like pentaiodide structure is V-shaped and consists of iodine molecules with very short covalent bonds connected to triiodides by halogen bonding. The single crystal structure is arranged across the lattice fringes in the form of ribbons or honeycombs. The susceptibility of microorganisms towards polyiodides depends on polyiodide bonding patterns with halogen-, covalent-, and non-covalent bonding.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6437antimicrobial agentpolyiodidecopperantimicrobialcrown etherpentaiodide |
| spellingShingle | Zehra Edis Samir Haj Bloukh Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and Susceptibility Molecules antimicrobial agent polyiodide copper antimicrobial crown ether pentaiodide |
| title | Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and Susceptibility |
| title_full | Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and Susceptibility |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and Susceptibility |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and Susceptibility |
| title_short | Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and Susceptibility |
| title_sort | antimicrobial v shaped copper ii pentaiodide insights to bonding pattern and susceptibility |
| topic | antimicrobial agent polyiodide copper antimicrobial crown ether pentaiodide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6437 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zehraedis antimicrobialvshapedcopperiipentaiodideinsightstobondingpatternandsusceptibility AT samirhajbloukh antimicrobialvshapedcopperiipentaiodideinsightstobondingpatternandsusceptibility |